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A emergência do humano na cadeia evolutiva das espécies assinala um salto ontológico. Enquanto a antropologia bíblica sublinha a diferença do Homem em relação à matéria e aos demais animais (o ser imagem de Deus), as teorias evolutivas evidenciam, por seu lado, o parentesco do Homem com o Animal, no phylum dos primatas. O presente artigo procura estabelecer um diálogo com as teorias evolutivas, sem ter de comprometer a especificidade da antropologia cristã. No âmbito da continuidade evolutiva, acontece uma descontinuidade ontológica, expressa tradicionalmente pelo conceito de «alma» (o momento ontológico que configura humanamente a matéria). Sem deixar de ser animal, o Homem é criação pessoal de Deus, acontecimento relacional. Ele é, pois, o único animal capaz de dar nome às coisas e de tentar decifrar o enigma da sua vida e da sua origem.
The emergence of humankind in the chain of the evolution of species marks an ontological leap. While Biblical anthropology underlines the difference between Man in relation to matter and the other animals (since he is in the image of God), evolutionary theories, on the other hand, show the relationship of Man to Animal, in the phylum of primates. The present article seeks to establish a dialogue with evolutionary theories, without the need to compromise the specificity of Christian anthropology. Within the context of evolutionary continuity occurs an ontological discontinuity, expressed traditionally through the concept of ‘soul’ (the ontological moment that configures material in human form). While still animal, Man is God’s personal creation, a relational happening. He is, after all, the only animal capable of giving a name to things and of trying to decipher the enigma of his life and his origin.
The emergence of humankind in the chain of the evolution of species marks an ontological leap. While Biblical anthropology underlines the difference between Man in relation to matter and the other animals (since he is in the image of God), evolutionary theories, on the other hand, show the relationship of Man to Animal, in the phylum of primates. The present article seeks to establish a dialogue with evolutionary theories, without the need to compromise the specificity of Christian anthropology. Within the context of evolutionary continuity occurs an ontological discontinuity, expressed traditionally through the concept of ‘soul’ (the ontological moment that configures material in human form). While still animal, Man is God’s personal creation, a relational happening. He is, after all, the only animal capable of giving a name to things and of trying to decipher the enigma of his life and his origin.
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MARTINS, António - O enigma do Homem: entre imagem de Deus e animal. Didaskalia. Lisboa. ISSN 0253-1674. 41:1 (2011) 271-283
Publisher
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Teologia