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Innovative microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of zinc(II) in children’s urine samples
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Zinc(II) is an important metal ion, present in the human body, that plays vital roles in biological processes, specifically in child growth, development, and improvement of cognitive behaviour. Its deficiency can cause serious health risks, which makes urinary zinc(II) analysis very relevant, as it is considered a biomarker of children’s psychological development and can even indicate urinary tract diseases. Zinc supplementation has been applied as a preventive therapeutic measure, resulting in a positive effect on child development, which makes supplementation monitoring critical to ensure child growth worldwide. Paper-based sensors have gained relevance over the years in providing reliable, rapid, inexpensive, and user-friendly analytical analysis. When combining this tool with fluids of non-invasive collection, namely urine, it enables an effective monitoring of health-related issues frequently, especially in children, who often oppose taking blood. As such, in this work, an innovative microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed, based on the colorimetric reaction between zinc(II) and dithizone, in an alkaline medium. The sensor quantifies zinc(II) within a dynamic range of 0.050-0.750 mg/L, where the reaction occurs for 5 minutes and the given signal remains stable for 30 minutes, with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.010 mg/L and a LOQ (limit of quantification) of 0.034 mg/L. Before loading the sample in the µPAD and after its assembly with layered paper discs impregnated with the reagents, it can be used for up to one week, if stored in air or vacuum conditions and at room temperature. The accuracy assessment of this method was carried out by comparing and validating the results of different urine samples (directly used or diluted 1:2) in the µPAD and in the AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry). The developed µPAD offers a point-of-care analysis of urinary zinc(II) levels in children, an important tool for practical clinical diagnosis. It can also be employed for testing zinc(II) levels in food supplements.
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Melo, M. M. P., Rangel, A. O. S. S., & Mesquita, R. B. R. (2025). Innovative microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of zinc(II) in children’s urine samples. 174-174. Abstract from XXIX Encontro Luso-Galego de Química, Braga, Portugal.