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Consumo do cigarro eletrónico em contexto laboral : proibir, tolerar ou incentivar?
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Introdução: A legislação progressivamente mais rigorosa em relação ao tabagismo fez com que os fumadores fumassem menos ou até passassem a ser não-fumadores. Em função disto, as tabaqueiras ficaram mais aliciadas a explorar outras formas de consumir nicotina. Entre todos os métodos disponíveis, o cigarro eletrónico é considerado o mais agradável. Para além disso, a maioria dos fumadores quer deixar de fumar ou, pelo menos, diminuir o consumo. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em junho de 2016 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e Academic Search Complete”. Utilizando as expressões-chave “electronic cigarette” e “e-cigarette” foram obtidos 248 e 287 artigos, respetivamente, com os critérios de publicação igual ou superior ao ano de 2009 e acesso a texto completo; em função da língua original (portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola) e da pertinência para o objetivo desta revisão, foram selecionados 64 artigos. Conteúdo: Com uma frequência cada vez maior, os fumadores questionam os profissionais de saúde relativamente ao cigarro eletrónico; uns porque já o consomem, outros porque estão a pensar fazê-lo, inclusive em ambiente laboral. É necessário, por isso, estar a par das conclusões dos estudos já elaborados sobre o tema. Conclusões: Globalmente considera-se que a publicidade é enganosa, ou seja, o ato não é isento de riscos, nem está provado por estudos robustos que contribua, neste momento, para a cessação do consumo da nicotina. Contudo, simultaneamente, também parece claro que os agentes químicos envolvidos estão em muito menor número e concentração que no cigarro convencional, pelo que parece ser uma alternativa menos tóxica de consumir nicotina. No entanto, passar tal mensagem também pode contribuir para a diminuição da motivação para realizar a cessação tabágica ou pode até aliciar não-tabagistas ao início do consumo, comprometendo os ganhos obtidos na luta contra o tabaco das últimas décadas. Logo, o seu consumo em meio laboral deve ser desaconselhado e as restrições existentes para o cigarro convencional também devem ser aplicadas ao cigarro eletrónico.
Introduction: The legislation regarding smoking caused smokers to smoke less or some even tried to became non-smoker. Because of this, the tobacco companies were more motivated to explore other ways of consuming nicotine. Among all the methods available, the electronic cigarette is considered the most pleasant. Furthermore, most smokers want to quit smoking or at least reduce consumption. Methodology: A survey was done in June 2016 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and Academic Search Complete”. Using the key words “electronic cigarette” and “e-cigarette” were obtained 248 and 287 articles, respectively, with the publication criteria greater than or equal to 2009 and access to full text; depending on the original language (Portuguese, English or Spanish) and their relevance to the purpose of this review, we selected 64 articles. Content: With increasing frequency, smokers question the health professionals about electronic cigarette; some because they already consume, others because they are thinking on doing so, including in the work environment. We must therefore be aware of the findings of studies already done on the subject. Conclusions: It is considered that the advertising is misleading: the act is not absent from risks, nor is proved by robust studies to contribute for the cessation of nicotine consumption. However, at the same time, it also seems clear that the chemicals involved are fewer and present in lower concentration than the conventional cigarette- so it seems to be a less toxic alternative to consume nicotine. However, to pass such a message can also contribute to decreased motivation to make smoking cessation or may even motive non-smokers to begin consumption, undermining the gains made in the fight against tobacco in decades. Therefore, its use in the work environment should not be recommended and restrictions for conventional cigarettes should also be applied to the electronic cigarette.
Introduction: The legislation regarding smoking caused smokers to smoke less or some even tried to became non-smoker. Because of this, the tobacco companies were more motivated to explore other ways of consuming nicotine. Among all the methods available, the electronic cigarette is considered the most pleasant. Furthermore, most smokers want to quit smoking or at least reduce consumption. Methodology: A survey was done in June 2016 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and Academic Search Complete”. Using the key words “electronic cigarette” and “e-cigarette” were obtained 248 and 287 articles, respectively, with the publication criteria greater than or equal to 2009 and access to full text; depending on the original language (Portuguese, English or Spanish) and their relevance to the purpose of this review, we selected 64 articles. Content: With increasing frequency, smokers question the health professionals about electronic cigarette; some because they already consume, others because they are thinking on doing so, including in the work environment. We must therefore be aware of the findings of studies already done on the subject. Conclusions: It is considered that the advertising is misleading: the act is not absent from risks, nor is proved by robust studies to contribute for the cessation of nicotine consumption. However, at the same time, it also seems clear that the chemicals involved are fewer and present in lower concentration than the conventional cigarette- so it seems to be a less toxic alternative to consume nicotine. However, to pass such a message can also contribute to decreased motivation to make smoking cessation or may even motive non-smokers to begin consumption, undermining the gains made in the fight against tobacco in decades. Therefore, its use in the work environment should not be recommended and restrictions for conventional cigarettes should also be applied to the electronic cigarette.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cigarros eletrónicos Saúde do trabalhador Medicina do trabalho Electronic cigarettes Occupational health Occupational medicine
Contexto Educativo
Citação
SANTOS, Mónica, ALMEIDA, Armando - Consumo do cigarro eletrónico em contexto laboral: proibir, tolerar ou incentivar?, Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online, ISSN 2183-8453, 2, S1-S17, 2016