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Evaluating how university students adapt to stress: psychometric validation of a psychological instruments battery

2026-04-01Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorSimães, Clara
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorFontes, Liliana
dc.contributor.authorSeixas, Adérito
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Rui
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-14T11:38:00Z
dc.date.available2026-04-14T11:38:00Z
dc.date.issued2026-04-01
dc.description.abstractBackground: In modern society, increased awareness of stress stems mainly from the pressures of competitive environments, where the pursuit of academic and professional success places substantial demands on individuals, who must adapt. Drawing on the Transactional Model and the Interactive Model of Human Adaptation to Stress, this paper presents a battery of instruments designed to comprehensively assess university students’ adaptation to stress. Methods: Data were collected from two academic years, using two independent samples of students: a calibration sample (n = 561) and a validation sample (n = 370) to test the psychometric properties of the instruments. The evaluation protocol included the Stress Questionnaire for Students (SQS), the Primary and Secondary Cognitive Appraisal Scale (PSCAS), the Reduced Coping Inventory (Coping-R), and the Academic Achievement Expectations (AAE). Results: Psychometric validation analyses indicated the best versions of the instruments’ battery. Namely, an 18-item version and a six-factor structure for the SQS, a 10-item version and a five-factor structure for the PSCAS, a 12-item version and a four-factor structure for the Coping-R, and a five-item, one-factor structure for the AAE. Conclusions: The proposed instruments can serve as a compound resource for screening for academic stress experiences in university students, and as an original tool to understand the entire process of stress adaptation.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/epidemiologia7020049
dc.identifier.other38ebc7d1-4a2f-417c-81bb-41e86315062f
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/57505
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAcademic stresseng
dc.subjectCognitive appraisaleng
dc.subjectCopingeng
dc.subjectAcademic achievement expectationseng
dc.subjectHigher education studentseng
dc.titleEvaluating how university students adapt to stress: psychometric validation of a psychological instruments battery
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.volume7
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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