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As necessidades da família no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos: scoping review
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O processo de transplante de órgãos e tecidos é um processo de sucesso pelo tanto que evoluiu em tão pouco tempo, sendo que os progressos técnicos e científicos registados nas últimas décadas na área da medicina permitiram melhorar as possibilidades terapêuticas e a qualidade de vida do recetor de órgãos. Durante o processo de doação, a família do dador experiencia diversos desafios relacionados com o medo e a reduzida informação sobre os procedimentos, tornando-se fundamental o apoio à mesma para lidar com emoções, dúvidas e angústias, criando uma relação terapêutica. O papel das equipas de saúde é determinante na prestação do cuidado não só face ao dador de órgãos, como também à sua família, pelo que a experiência da família em todo este processo tem sido alvo de discussão em vários estudos. A identificação e reconhecimento pelos profissionais de saúde das necessidades das famílias permite uma melhor adaptação da família ao processo de doação. Objetivo: Mapear as necessidades da família do dador no processo de doação de órgãos. Materiais e métodos: Para esta scoping review foi utilizada a metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram considerados quaisquer artigos, disponíveis gratuitamente com texto integral, que incluíssem como população (P) as famílias dos dadores de órgãos, abordando o conceito (C) das necessidades das famílias no contexto (C) de doação de órgãos e tecidos, em língua portuguesa, inglesa e castelhana, sem restrição temporal. Resultados: Da análise integral dos sete artigos que compuseram a amostra final, foram sintetizadas as necessidades em quatro categorias, sendo as mais relevantes a necessidade de informação sobre o conceito de morte cerebral e de doação de órgãos e a necessidade de suporte emocional, nomeadamente, no encaminhamento da família para grupos de apoio. Para além destas, foram mencionadas necessidades materiais e ambientais como a consideração pela privacidade e a existência de um espaço seguro e livre para a comunicação com a família e, por fim, a necessidade de follow-up, com o acompanhamento da família até uma semana após a doação de órgãos. Conclusões: Ao mapear a evidência disponível das necessidades da família perante o processo de doação de órgãos, emergiram quatro categorias: a necessidade de informação, a necessidade de suporte emocional, as necessidades materiais e ambientais e, por fim, a necessidade de follow-up. Considera-se que esta scoping review pode servir de base para futura investigação, deixando o desafio para a elaboração de estudos primários.
Introduction: The process of organ and tissue transplantation has achieved success through its remarkable and swift advances, given that the technical and scientific progress recorded in the last decades in the field of medicine has made it possible to improve significantly the therapeutic possibilities and quality of life of the organ recipient. During the donation process, the organ donor’s family experiences several challenges associated with fear and a lack of information regarding the process, which inspires the need to provide support to the family in dealing with feelings, doubts, and anguish, thus creating a therapeutic relationship. The role of the healthcare team is crucial not only in providing care to the organ donor but also to their family, which is why the family’s experience throughout the donation process has been the subject of discussion in several studies. The identification and recognition by health professionals of the needs of families allows the latter to better adapt to the donation process. Objective: Mapping the organ donor family’s needs during the organ donation process. Methodology: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for this scoping review. We considered any articles freely available in full text that included the families of organ donors as the population (P), addressing the concept (C) of the needs of families in the context (C) of organ and tissue donation, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, without time restrictions. Results: The complete analysis of the seven articles that made up the final sample allowed us to summarize the needs into four categories. The most frequently mentioned were the need for information on the concept of brain death and organ donation, and the need for emotional support, particularly in referring the family to support groups. In addition to these, material and environmental needs were stated, such as consideration for privacy and the existence of a safe and free space for communication with the family. Ultimately the need for follow-up, with family monitoring up to one week after organ donation. Conclusions: By mapping the available evidence of the family’s needs in the organ donation process, four categories emerged: the need for information, the need for emotional support, material and environmental needs, and, finally, the need for follow-up. This scoping review can serve as a basis for future research, leaving the challenge of developing primary studies.
Introduction: The process of organ and tissue transplantation has achieved success through its remarkable and swift advances, given that the technical and scientific progress recorded in the last decades in the field of medicine has made it possible to improve significantly the therapeutic possibilities and quality of life of the organ recipient. During the donation process, the organ donor’s family experiences several challenges associated with fear and a lack of information regarding the process, which inspires the need to provide support to the family in dealing with feelings, doubts, and anguish, thus creating a therapeutic relationship. The role of the healthcare team is crucial not only in providing care to the organ donor but also to their family, which is why the family’s experience throughout the donation process has been the subject of discussion in several studies. The identification and recognition by health professionals of the needs of families allows the latter to better adapt to the donation process. Objective: Mapping the organ donor family’s needs during the organ donation process. Methodology: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for this scoping review. We considered any articles freely available in full text that included the families of organ donors as the population (P), addressing the concept (C) of the needs of families in the context (C) of organ and tissue donation, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, without time restrictions. Results: The complete analysis of the seven articles that made up the final sample allowed us to summarize the needs into four categories. The most frequently mentioned were the need for information on the concept of brain death and organ donation, and the need for emotional support, particularly in referring the family to support groups. In addition to these, material and environmental needs were stated, such as consideration for privacy and the existence of a safe and free space for communication with the family. Ultimately the need for follow-up, with family monitoring up to one week after organ donation. Conclusions: By mapping the available evidence of the family’s needs in the organ donation process, four categories emerged: the need for information, the need for emotional support, material and environmental needs, and, finally, the need for follow-up. This scoping review can serve as a basis for future research, leaving the challenge of developing primary studies.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação das necessidades Família Transplante de órgãos4 Transplante de tecidos Needs assessment Family Organ transplant Tissue transplant