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As infecções nosocomiais são uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade entre pacientes hospitalizados. O ambiente pode servir como um reservatório de patogénicos causadores de infecções nosocomiais, mas constitui um factor menos relevante que outros como a contaminação transitória nas mãos do pessoal de saúde, a formação de biofilmes em dispositivos médicos, ou a invasão da flora endógena presente no paciente. A controvérsia sobre a importância relativa de patogénicos recuperados do ambiente hospitalar, como importante fonte de infecção, existe há décadas. No entanto, o aparecimento de estirpes mais virulentas, tais como a Clostridium difficile, e a persistência dos já conhecidos, como os Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistentes e enterococos resistentes à vancomicina, fizeram renascer as preocupações sobre o controle de infecção ambiental. Assim, existe uma necessidade contínua de focalizar-se nas intervenções de higiene, não só do pessoal e das superfícies inanimadas, mas também, como novas evidências sugerem, do paciente. Este artigo revê sumariamente a importância do meio ambiente, entre outros factores, como reservatórios de patogénicos causadores de infecção hospitalar.
Nosocomial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. The environment can serve as a reservoir of pathogens causing nosocomial infections, but is most likely less of a contributing factor than contaminants transiently on hands of health care personnel, biofilms that form on indwelling devices, or invasion of endogenous flora present on the patient. Controversy over the relative importance of pathogens recovered from the hospital environment as a significant source of nosocomial infection has existed for decades; however the emergence of more virulent strains of pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile, and the persistence of familiar ones, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, have prompted a return to concerns about environmental infection control. Therefore, there is a continued need to focus hygiene-based interventions, not only on personnel and inanimate surfaces, but also, as new evidence suggests, for the patient as well. This paper reviews summarily the importance of environment, among other factors, as important reservoirs of pathogens causing nosocomial infection.
Nosocomial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. The environment can serve as a reservoir of pathogens causing nosocomial infections, but is most likely less of a contributing factor than contaminants transiently on hands of health care personnel, biofilms that form on indwelling devices, or invasion of endogenous flora present on the patient. Controversy over the relative importance of pathogens recovered from the hospital environment as a significant source of nosocomial infection has existed for decades; however the emergence of more virulent strains of pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile, and the persistence of familiar ones, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, have prompted a return to concerns about environmental infection control. Therefore, there is a continued need to focus hygiene-based interventions, not only on personnel and inanimate surfaces, but also, as new evidence suggests, for the patient as well. This paper reviews summarily the importance of environment, among other factors, as important reservoirs of pathogens causing nosocomial infection.
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Infecção nosocomial Contaminação ambiental Controlo de Infecção Nosocomial infection Environment contamination Infection control