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Estratégias de gestão do stresse utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao doente crítico: scoping review
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ntrodução: Durante os cuidados ao doente crítico e à sua família, o enfermeiro vivencia inúmeras situações geradoras de stresse, que influenciam o seu conforto e, consequente-mente, a qualidade dos cuidados prestados. Para lidar com esta realidade, é essencial que o enfermeiro desenvolva e adote estratégias eficazes de gestão do stresse, que potenciem as suas intervenções e, simultaneamente, promovam o seu próprio conforto.Objetivo: Mapear, na evidência científica, estratégias de gestão do stresse utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao doente crítico e família.Materiais e métodos:Scoping review, segundo a metodologia Joanna Briggs Institute, adotando a estratégia Participantes, Conceito e Contexto (PCC). Recorreu-se às bases de dados CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus e o Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP). Incluíram-se estudos publicados entre 2013-2025; em português, inglês e espanhol; que evidenciam estratégias de gestão do stresse utilizadas pelo enfermeiro na prestação de cuidados ao doente crítico com idade superior a 18 anos; disponíveis em texto integral. Resultados: Os 21 artigos analisados destacam que os fatores de stresse resultam de aspetos institucionais e das exigências técnicas, emocionais e relacionais. Foram identificadas diversas estratégias de gestão de stresse, agrupadas em categorias psicossociais, profissionais/organizacionais e de autocuidado, distribuídas pelos momentos pré, durante e pós evento stressante. Entre estas incluem-se o planeamento, a formação, o suporte entre colegas, o debriefing, técnicas de relaxamento, espiritualidade e humor, cuja articulação parece favorecer maior conforto emocional e psicológico dos enfermeiros. Conclusão: A gestão do stresse dos enfermeiros no cuidado ao doente crítico é um processo complexo e dinâmico que resulta de fatores institucionais e das exigências do cuidado, o que afeta o seu conforto. As estratégias identificadas apontam para a necessidade de abordagens integradas de gestão de stresse, articuladas entre o nível individual e organizacional. As lacunas encontradas reforçam a importância de fortalecer condições de apoio e formação, bem como de aprofundar a investigação sobre a aplicação e os efeitos dessas estratégias no conforto dos profissionais.
Introduction: While caring for critically ill patients and their families, nurses experience numerous stressful situations, which impact their well-being and, consequently, the quality of care provided. To address this reality, it is essential that nurses develop and adopt effective stress management strategies that enhance their interventions and simultaneously promote their own comfort. Objective: To map, based on scientific evidence, stress management strategies used by nurses in the care of critically ill patients and their families. Materials and methods: Scoping review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, adopting the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) strategy. The following databases were used: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repository (RCAAP). Studies published between 2013 and 2025 were included; in Portuguese, English, and Spanish; that demonstrate stress management strategies used by nurses in the care of critically ill patients over 18 years of age; and that are available in full text. Results: The 21 articles analysed highlight that stressors result from institutional aspects and technical, emotional, and relational demands. Several stress management strategies were identified, grouped into psychosocial, professional/organizational, and self-care categories, distributed in the pre-, during, and post-stressful event periods. These include planning, training, peer support, debriefing, relaxation techniques, spirituality, and humour, the articulation of which seems to favour greater emotional and psychological comfort for nurses. Conclusion: Managing nurses’ stress in critical patient care is a complex and dynamic process resulting from institutional factors and care demands, which affects their comfort. The identified strategies point to the need for integrated stress management approaches, articulated between the individual and organizational levels. The gaps found reinforce the importance of strengthening support and training conditions, as well as deepening research on the application and effects of these strategies on the comfort of professionals.
Introduction: While caring for critically ill patients and their families, nurses experience numerous stressful situations, which impact their well-being and, consequently, the quality of care provided. To address this reality, it is essential that nurses develop and adopt effective stress management strategies that enhance their interventions and simultaneously promote their own comfort. Objective: To map, based on scientific evidence, stress management strategies used by nurses in the care of critically ill patients and their families. Materials and methods: Scoping review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, adopting the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) strategy. The following databases were used: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repository (RCAAP). Studies published between 2013 and 2025 were included; in Portuguese, English, and Spanish; that demonstrate stress management strategies used by nurses in the care of critically ill patients over 18 years of age; and that are available in full text. Results: The 21 articles analysed highlight that stressors result from institutional aspects and technical, emotional, and relational demands. Several stress management strategies were identified, grouped into psychosocial, professional/organizational, and self-care categories, distributed in the pre-, during, and post-stressful event periods. These include planning, training, peer support, debriefing, relaxation techniques, spirituality, and humour, the articulation of which seems to favour greater emotional and psychological comfort for nurses. Conclusion: Managing nurses’ stress in critical patient care is a complex and dynamic process resulting from institutional factors and care demands, which affects their comfort. The identified strategies point to the need for integrated stress management approaches, articulated between the individual and organizational levels. The gaps found reinforce the importance of strengthening support and training conditions, as well as deepening research on the application and effects of these strategies on the comfort of professionals.
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Palavras-chave
Stresse profissional Estratégias de coping Enfermeiro Cuidados críticos Doente crítico Professional stress Coping strategies Nurse Critical care Critically ill patient
Contexto Educativo
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Editora
Universidade Católica Portuguesa