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Significados subjectivos e valores normativos na teoria da acção humana de Alfred Schutz
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Em sua explicação da ação humana, Alfred Schutz recorre principalmente à noção de significado subjetivo de Max Weber e à noção de tipo de Husserl. Para ele, o significado subjetivo parece mais importante para entender a ação humana do que o fato de os atores sociais internalizarem valores normativos. Assim, a validade tem a ver principalmente com projetos de ação, com expectativas cumpridas (ou não cumpridas) e com o estoque de conhecimento disponível, juntamente com o sistema de relevâncias do ator. Isso levanta dois problemas schoutzianos característicos: 1) a relação entre o significado subjetivo de uma ação e os critérios objetivos (a saber, os jurídicos e os éticos) segundo os quais qualquer ação pode ser avaliada; 2) a relação entre um ator e seus semelhantes seres humanos que sem dúvida compartilham o mesmo sistema de relevâncias e agem na mesma estrutura normativa. Neste artigo, pretendo oferecer uma análise dessas questões, recorrendo principalmente ao livro de Schutz, de 1934, Der Sinnhafte Aufbau der Sozialen Welt, e a alguns manuscritos inéditos.
In his explanation of human action Alfred Schutz resorts mainly to Max Weber’s notion of subjective meaning and Husserl’s notion of type. For him subjective meaning seems more important to understand human action than the fact that social actors internalize normative values. Accordingly, validity has mainly to do with projects of action, with fulfilled (or unfulfilled) expectations and to the stock of knowledge available, along with the actor’s system of relevances. This raises two characteristic Schutzian problems: 1) the relation between the subjective meaning of an action and the objective criteria (namely, the juridical and the ethical ones) according to which any action can be evaluated; 2) the relation between an actor and his fellow human beings that arguably share the same system of relevances and act in the same normative framework. In this paper, I intend to offer an analysis of these issues, resorting mainly to Schutz’s 1934 book "Der Sinnhafte Aufbau der Sozialen Welt", and in some unpublished manuscripts.
In his explanation of human action Alfred Schutz resorts mainly to Max Weber’s notion of subjective meaning and Husserl’s notion of type. For him subjective meaning seems more important to understand human action than the fact that social actors internalize normative values. Accordingly, validity has mainly to do with projects of action, with fulfilled (or unfulfilled) expectations and to the stock of knowledge available, along with the actor’s system of relevances. This raises two characteristic Schutzian problems: 1) the relation between the subjective meaning of an action and the objective criteria (namely, the juridical and the ethical ones) according to which any action can be evaluated; 2) the relation between an actor and his fellow human beings that arguably share the same system of relevances and act in the same normative framework. In this paper, I intend to offer an analysis of these issues, resorting mainly to Schutz’s 1934 book "Der Sinnhafte Aufbau der Sozialen Welt", and in some unpublished manuscripts.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ação humana Human action Normative values Schutz Significado subjetivo Subjective meaning Valores normativos
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Morujão, C. (2025). Significados subjectivos e valores normativos na teoria da acção humana de Alfred Schutz. Phenomenology, Humanities and Sciences, 6(3), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.62506/phs.v6i33.326