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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A população trabalhadora da Europa está a envelhecer e várias organizações definiram concetualmente a categoria dos trabalhadores com mais de 55 anos como os “Trabalhadores Mais Velhos”, num contexto onde, a curto/ médio prazo, a sua capacidade produtiva será fundamental para o funcionamento dos diversos países, dado o envelhecimento da população. Objetivo: No sentido de perceber quais as implicações que esta mudança poderá ter para a saúde ocupacional, pretende-se: a) caraterizar a população de trabalhadores mais velhos de um município de Portugal no que diz respeito à capacidade para o trabalho; b) comparar uma amostra de trabalhadores mais velhos com outra de trabalhadores com menos de 35 anos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, correlacional, comparativo de carater transversal, realizado após a aplicação de um inquérito aos trabalhadores do município de Albufeira, com 1301 indivíduos. Para obter a amostra final, utilizou-se o método de amostragem estratificada por idades. O estudo foi autorizado pelos responsáveis do município e a participação dos trabalhadores cumpriu com todos os requisitos éticos. Resultados:
A amostra de Trabalhadores Mais Velhos é menos escolarizada, tem empregos menos diferenciados e mantem o equilíbrio entre géneros, algo que não acontece nos mais jovens, onde se sente o predomínio do sexo feminino. Quando se compara a capacidade laboral observa-se que, no grupo de maior idade, há aumento da morbilidade e da sensação de incapacidade face à doença, bem como um sentimento mais negativo associado à capacidade intrínseca atual, à capacidade face às exigências da tarefa e relativa aos recursos psicológicos disponíveis; acrescenta-se ainda uma taxa superior de absentismo de longa duração e as limitações ao nível da perceção sensorial (visual e auditiva) que afetam a capacidade laboral, fatores que os colocam numa situação de maior vulnerabilidade, face aos Trabalhadores Mais Jovens. No que diz respeito ao ambiente e relações interpessoais, acreditam que a entidade patronal valoriza menos o seu trabalho em relação aos restantes e são os únicos que referem a existência de ambientes de trabalho maus ou muito maus. Não apresentam, contudo, muitas sugestões de melhoria. Relativamente à idade que idealizam para a reforma, comprova-se uma relação direta com capacidade para o trabalho (avaliada com o ICT- índice de capacidade para o trabalho) embora pareçam pouco informados acerca das medidas que, potencialmente, poderiam ser facilitadoras e promotoras da sua saúde física, metal e capacidade laboral, tais como um plano de reforma progressiva. Sugerem, no entanto, o aumento do número de férias/ folga como facilitadores. Conclusão: A realização do estudo permitiu concluir que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas em quase todas as áreas analisadas com prejuízo para os Trabalhadores Mais Velhos. É por isso urgente repensar em novas soluções de forma a assegurar no futuro a manutenção da sua capacidade produtiva de uma forma saudável e duradoira.
Introduction: Europe’s working population is aging, and a number of organizations have consistently defined the category of workers over 55 as “Older Workers” in a context where, in the short / medium term, their productive capacity will be fundamental for several countries. Objective: In order to understand the implications of this change for occupational health, it is intended to: a) characterize the population of older workers in a municipality in Portugal with respect to their capacity for work; b) comparing a sample of older workers with another sample of workers aged less than 35 years. Method: This is a descriptive, correlational, comparative cross-sectional study, carried out after the application of a survey of workers in Albufeira municipality, with 1301 individuals. To obtain the final sample, the age-stratified sampling method was used. The study was authorized by the municipal responsible and the workers’ participation complied with all ethical requirements. Results: The sample of Older Workers is less educated, has less differentiated jobs and maintains gender balance, something that does not happen in the younger ones where the females are more prevalent. When comparing work capacity, there is an increase in morbidity and disability in the older age group, as well as a more negative feeling associated with the current intrinsic capacity, the capacity to face the demands of the task, and the available psychological resources. There is also a higher rate of long-term absenteeism and limitations in sensory perception (visual and auditory) that affect work capacity, factors that put them in a situation of greater vulnerability towards the Young Workers. As far as the environment and interpersonal relationships are concerned, they believe that the employer values less their work than the other rest, and they are the only ones who report the existence of bad or very bad working environments. However, they do not present many suggestions for improvement. Regarding the idealize retirement age, it exists a direct relationship with work ability (assessed with the WAI- work ability index) although they seem to be poorly informed about measures that could potentially facilitate and promote their physical and mental health, as well as their working capacity. However, they suggest increasing the number of holidays/ days off as facilitators. Conclusion: The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in almost all the areas analyzed, with detriment to older workers. It is therefore urgent to rethink new solutions in order to ensure in the future the maintenance of its productive capacity in a healthy and lasting way.
Introduction: Europe’s working population is aging, and a number of organizations have consistently defined the category of workers over 55 as “Older Workers” in a context where, in the short / medium term, their productive capacity will be fundamental for several countries. Objective: In order to understand the implications of this change for occupational health, it is intended to: a) characterize the population of older workers in a municipality in Portugal with respect to their capacity for work; b) comparing a sample of older workers with another sample of workers aged less than 35 years. Method: This is a descriptive, correlational, comparative cross-sectional study, carried out after the application of a survey of workers in Albufeira municipality, with 1301 individuals. To obtain the final sample, the age-stratified sampling method was used. The study was authorized by the municipal responsible and the workers’ participation complied with all ethical requirements. Results: The sample of Older Workers is less educated, has less differentiated jobs and maintains gender balance, something that does not happen in the younger ones where the females are more prevalent. When comparing work capacity, there is an increase in morbidity and disability in the older age group, as well as a more negative feeling associated with the current intrinsic capacity, the capacity to face the demands of the task, and the available psychological resources. There is also a higher rate of long-term absenteeism and limitations in sensory perception (visual and auditory) that affect work capacity, factors that put them in a situation of greater vulnerability towards the Young Workers. As far as the environment and interpersonal relationships are concerned, they believe that the employer values less their work than the other rest, and they are the only ones who report the existence of bad or very bad working environments. However, they do not present many suggestions for improvement. Regarding the idealize retirement age, it exists a direct relationship with work ability (assessed with the WAI- work ability index) although they seem to be poorly informed about measures that could potentially facilitate and promote their physical and mental health, as well as their working capacity. However, they suggest increasing the number of holidays/ days off as facilitators. Conclusion: The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in almost all the areas analyzed, with detriment to older workers. It is therefore urgent to rethink new solutions in order to ensure in the future the maintenance of its productive capacity in a healthy and lasting way.
Description
Keywords
Índice de capacidade para o trabalho Envelhecimento laboral Trabalhadores mais velhos Saúde ocupacional Work ability index Aging work Older workers Occupational Health
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Almeida, A., Santos, M., Mendes, C., Machadinho, M. (2018). Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho versus Envelhecimento dos funcionários, num município português de média dimensão. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional on line, 6, 1-27
Publisher
Ajeogene Serviços Médicos