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Lactic acid fermentation ameliorates intrinsic toxicants in Brassica campestris L. leaves harvested at different growth stages

dc.contributor.authorYounis, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorAkhtar, Saeed
dc.contributor.authorIsmail, Tariq
dc.contributor.authorQamar, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorSattar, Dur-e-shahwar
dc.contributor.authorSaeed, Wisha
dc.contributor.authorMubarak, Mohammad S.
dc.contributor.authorBartkiene, Elena
dc.contributor.authorRocha, João Miguel
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-12T15:20:46Z
dc.date.available2024-07-12T15:20:46Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-11
dc.description.abstractBrassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) is often known as mustard and is grown worldwide owing to its health-promoting characteristics associated with the presence of nutrients and phytochemicals. Along with the nutritional components, B. campestris also contains anti-nutrients (phytates, oxalates, tannins, alkaloids, saponins) that can cause adverse severe health effects to consumers, including rashes, nausea, headaches, bloating and nutritional deficiencies. In the present study, heating (blanching) and fermentation (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) treatments were applied to reduce the load of the anti-nutrients of B. campestris leaves harvested at three different growth stages: the first stage (fourth week), the second stage (sixth week) and the third stage (eighth week). Results revealed that fermentation treatment using Lp. plantarum increases the ash (5.4 to 6%), protein (9 to 10.4%) and fiber (9.6 to 10.7%) contents, whereas moisture (0.91 to 0.82%), fat (9.9 to 9.1%) and carbohydrate (64.5 to 64.2%) contents decreased among B. campestris samples, and the trend was similar for all three stages. Blanching and fermentation lead to the reduction in phytates (46, 42%), saponins (34, 49%), tannins (1, 10%), oxalates (15, 7%) and alkaloids (10, 6%), separately as compared to raw samples of B. campestris leaves. In contrast, fermentation had no considerable effect on phytochemical contents (total phenolic and total flavonoids) and antioxidant potential (DPPH and FRAP). The action of blanching followed by fermentation caused more decline in the aforementioned toxicants load as compared to blanching or fermentation alone. Structural modifications in blanching and the biochemical conversions in fermentation lead to enhanced stability of nutrients and antioxidant potential. Taken together, these findings suggest blanching followed by fermentation treatments as a reliable, cost-effective and safer approach to curtail the anti-nutrient load without affecting the proximate composition, phytochemical attributes and antioxidant activity.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/foods13121826pt_PT
dc.identifier.eid85197926715
dc.identifier.issn2304-8158
dc.identifier.pmcPMC11203322
dc.identifier.pmid38928768
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/45762
dc.identifier.wos001257322800001
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectLactiplantibacillus plantarumpt_PT
dc.subjectAnti-nutrientspt_PT
dc.subjectAntioxidant potentialpt_PT
dc.subjectPhytochemicalspt_PT
dc.subjectProbiotic microorganismpt_PT
dc.titleLactic acid fermentation ameliorates intrinsic toxicants in Brassica campestris L. leaves harvested at different growth stagespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue12pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleFoodspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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