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Mechanistic insights into bio-based fertilisers, biostimulants, and novel delivery systems in plant physiology

2025-11-28Review article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSantos, Jacinta
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Marta Nunes da
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Carla S.
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-15T12:10:12Z
dc.date.available2025-12-15T12:10:12Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-28
dc.description.abstractThe transition toward sustainable agriculture requires fertilisation strategies that improve nutrient use efficiency, enhance resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, and minimise environmental impacts. Bio-based fertilisers, biostimulants, and novel delivery systems have emerged as promising alternatives or complements to conventional agrochemicals, yet their physiological bases remain only partially understood. This review examines current knowledge on the mechanistic pathways through which these products act and identifies research gaps to enable predictive use in diverse cropping systems. Evidence indicates that bio-based inputs influence plant performance by modulating nutrient uptake and assimilation, hormonal and redox signalling, stress perception and defence priming, and biomass allocation. Protein hydrolysates, humic substances, and seaweed extracts alter root morphology, ion transport, and stress signalling, while microbial inoculants such as rhizobia, phosphate-solubilising bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide nutrient mobilisation and immune priming. Novel delivery systems, including clays and encapsulation systems, extend these effects by improving the stability and targeted release of bioactive compounds. Despite these advances, the lack of standardised protocols, incomplete dose-response characterisation, and strong context dependence of plant responses remain major obstacles to reproducibility and scalability. Progress in this field requires a mechanistically anchored approach that links molecular events (such as transporter activation, hormone dynamics, and antioxidant activity) to agronomic outcomes under variable environments. Embedding mechanistic descriptors into both experimental design and regulatory frameworks could accelerate the translation of bio-based inputs into reliable tools for sustainable crop production, supported by environmental impact assessments.eng
dc.identifier.citationSantos, J., Silva, M. N. D., & Santos, C. S. (in press). Mechanistic insights into bio-based fertilisers, biostimulants, and novel delivery systems in plant physiology. Journal of Plant Physiology, 316, Article 154665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154665
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154665
dc.identifier.eid105023429283
dc.identifier.issn0176-1617
dc.identifier.other5564bdfb-51b5-414d-a033-7f6660d1b4b1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/55903
dc.identifier.wos001634802400001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAgricultural policy
dc.subjectNanoparticles
dc.subjectRhizosphere
dc.subjectStress tolerance
dc.subjectSustainable agriculture
dc.titleMechanistic insights into bio-based fertilisers, biostimulants, and novel delivery systems in plant physiologyeng
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Plant Physiology
oaire.citation.volume316
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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