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Em 1633, começou o exílio dos jesuítas que haviam conseguido converter o reino cristão da Etiópia ao catolicismo. O novo imperador, Fasilädäs, reverteu a política religiosa de seu pai Susәnyos, expulsando o patriarca católico e outros membros da Companhia de Jesus do país africano. Partindo das margens do Mar Vermelho, os Jesuítas, acompanhados por alguns dos seus correligionários etíopes, iniciaram a viagem de regresso a Goa, passando por situações complexas na Península Arábica. O presente artigo analisa a forma como os missionários da Companhia de Jesus se aproximaram do islão e do cristianismo etíope, a partir de 1633, como religiões irmãs, rivais do catolicismo. Salienta-se como, na perspetiva dos jesuítas, se desenvolve um pacto entre muçulmanos e cristãos etíopes na base de um temperamento comum, dócil e dúctil, versátil e desprovido de espinha dorsal, que rejeita a disciplina e a coragem de portugueses e católicos. Ao mesmo tempo, os jesuítas acusam as tradições muçulmanas e cristãs etíopes de serem excessivamente rigorosas no que diz respeito ao jejum e às práticas ascéticas. Em suma, a aliança política entre Fasilädäs e os reinos muçulmanos em torno da Etiópia foi concebida pelos jesuítas como resultado de semelhanças na esfera temperamental. Este artigo sugere, portanto, que os jesuítas percebiam ambas as religiões rivais, em termos de um temperamento comum que os ligava como parceiros, para além da doutrina e das práticas religiosas.
In 1633 commenced the exile of the Jesuits who had managed to convert the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia to Catholicism . The new emperor, Fasilädäs, reversed the religious policy of his father, Susәnyos, expelling the Catholic patriarch and other members of the society of Jesus from the African country . From the shores of the Red Sea, the Jesuits, accompanied by some of their Ethiopian coreligionists, began their journey back to Goa, passing through harrowing situations in the Arabian Peninsula . This article analyzes the way in which the missionaries of the Society of Jesus, from 1633 onward, focused on Islam and Ethiopian Christianity viewing the two faiths as sister religions and rivals of Catholicism . It highlights how, from the perspective of the Jesuits, Muslims and Ethiopian Christians formed a bond based on a common temperament, a certain versatility and pliability, which clashes with the discipline and courage of the Portuguese and Catholics . At the same time, the Jesuits accused both traditions, that of the Muslims and the Ethiopian Christians, of excessive rigor regarding fasting and ascetic practices . In short, the political alliance between Fasilädäs and the Muslim kingdoms bordering Ethiopia was conceived by the Jesuits as a result of temperamental similarity . This article suggests, therefore, that the Jesuits perceived both rival religions in terms of common characteristics and traits that linked them as partners and extended beyond doctrine and ritual practice .
In 1633 commenced the exile of the Jesuits who had managed to convert the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia to Catholicism . The new emperor, Fasilädäs, reversed the religious policy of his father, Susәnyos, expelling the Catholic patriarch and other members of the society of Jesus from the African country . From the shores of the Red Sea, the Jesuits, accompanied by some of their Ethiopian coreligionists, began their journey back to Goa, passing through harrowing situations in the Arabian Peninsula . This article analyzes the way in which the missionaries of the Society of Jesus, from 1633 onward, focused on Islam and Ethiopian Christianity viewing the two faiths as sister religions and rivals of Catholicism . It highlights how, from the perspective of the Jesuits, Muslims and Ethiopian Christians formed a bond based on a common temperament, a certain versatility and pliability, which clashes with the discipline and courage of the Portuguese and Catholics . At the same time, the Jesuits accused both traditions, that of the Muslims and the Ethiopian Christians, of excessive rigor regarding fasting and ascetic practices . In short, the political alliance between Fasilädäs and the Muslim kingdoms bordering Ethiopia was conceived by the Jesuits as a result of temperamental similarity . This article suggests, therefore, that the Jesuits perceived both rival religions in terms of common characteristics and traits that linked them as partners and extended beyond doctrine and ritual practice .
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Keywords
Jesuítas Islão Etiópia Cristianismo etíope Ethiopian Christianity Islam Jesuits Ethiopia