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Introdução: O surgimento da formação especializada em enfermagem de reabilitação foi um marco importante na História da Enfermagem em Portugal e na década de 60 do século XX surgiram medidas pioneiras que prepararam a sua programação. O primeiro plano de estudos surgiu em 1965 e foi reformulado quatro vezes até 1987. Metodologia: Recurso ao método histórico, com análise documental narrativa e descritiva de fontes primárias constantes dos planos de estudos dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem de reabilitação de 1965 a 1987. As principais variáveis de interesse foram: motivo da criação dos cursos, conhecimento científico nos planos de estudo, relação com contexto nacional, carga letiva, e relação com as funções desempenhadas pelos enfermeiros em resposta aos cuidados de saúde. Resultados: Os sete planos de estudos analisados revelaram a constante evolução da especialidade, sobretudo pela alteração da carga horária, progressivamente mais intensa, e com maior interligação entre teoria e prática. A introdução de novos conteúdos mais especializados, foi fruto da complexidade de cuidados e da influência de revisões por grupos de trabalho constituídos por enfermeiros e médicos. A introdução de áreas transversais como pedagogia e investigação permitiram enriquecer e afirmar a Enfermagem de Reabilitação no seio da disciplina e da área da saúde em Portugal. Discussão: A criação do primeiro curso de especialização, segundo o modelo norteamericano, foi pressionada pelo elevado número de vítimas da Guerra colonial, iniciada em 1961. Com o avanço do conhecimento científico e atendendo ao contexto do país, os planos de estudos foram reestruturados, sendo reconhecida a especialidade através do DecretoLei n.º 265/83, levando ao surgimento de escolas Pós-Básicas em Lisboa, Porto e Coimbra. Neste processo houve sempre aumento progressivo da carga letiva dos diferentes planos de estudos associada a um aumento da complexidade das funções desempenhadas pelo enfermeiro especialista. Conclusão: A formação especializada em enfermagem de reabilitação desenvolveu-se através de diferentes influências, primeiramente norte-americanas e inglesas associadas ao contexto do país, que possuía diferentes carências relacionadas com o processo reabilitativo. Houve um acompanhamento da evolução dos conhecimentos técnico-científicos e das alterações sociodemográficas que se consolidavam no país.
Introduction: The emergence of specialized training in rehabilitation nursing was an important milestone in the History of Nursing in Portugal and in the 1960s of the 20th century pioneering measures emerged that prepared its programming. The first study plan appeared in 1965 and was reformulated four times until 1987. Methodology: The historical method was used, with narrative and descriptive documentary analysis of primary sources contained in the syllabuses of specialized courses in rehabilitation nursing from 1965 to 1987.The main variables of interest were the reason for creating the courses, scientific knowledge in the study plans, relationship with the national context, teaching load, and relationship with the functions nurses perform in response to health care demands. Results: The seven study plans analyzed revealed the constant evolution of the speciality, mainly due to the change in the workload, progressively more intense and with greater interconnection between theory and practice. Introducing new, more specialized content resulted from the complexity of care and the influence of reviews by working groups of nurses and doctors. The introduction of transversal areas such as pedagogy and research made it possible to enrich and affirm Rehabilitation Nursing within the discipline and the area of health in Portugal. Discussion: According to the North-American model, the creation of the first specialization course was pressured by the high number of victims of the colonial war, which began in 1961. With the advancement of scientific knowledge and given the context of the country, the study plans were restructured, being recognized as the speciality through Decree-Law No. 265/83, leading to the emergence of post-basic schools in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra. In this process, there was always a progressive increase in the teaching load of the different study plans associated with an increase in the complexity of the functions performed by the specialist nurse. Conclusion: Specialized training in rehabilitation nursing developed through different influences, firstly with North American and English associated with the context of the country that had different shortcomings related to the rehabilitative process, and there was a follow-up of the evolution of technical-scientific knowledge and the socio-demographic changes that were being consolidated in the country.
Introduction: The emergence of specialized training in rehabilitation nursing was an important milestone in the History of Nursing in Portugal and in the 1960s of the 20th century pioneering measures emerged that prepared its programming. The first study plan appeared in 1965 and was reformulated four times until 1987. Methodology: The historical method was used, with narrative and descriptive documentary analysis of primary sources contained in the syllabuses of specialized courses in rehabilitation nursing from 1965 to 1987.The main variables of interest were the reason for creating the courses, scientific knowledge in the study plans, relationship with the national context, teaching load, and relationship with the functions nurses perform in response to health care demands. Results: The seven study plans analyzed revealed the constant evolution of the speciality, mainly due to the change in the workload, progressively more intense and with greater interconnection between theory and practice. Introducing new, more specialized content resulted from the complexity of care and the influence of reviews by working groups of nurses and doctors. The introduction of transversal areas such as pedagogy and research made it possible to enrich and affirm Rehabilitation Nursing within the discipline and the area of health in Portugal. Discussion: According to the North-American model, the creation of the first specialization course was pressured by the high number of victims of the colonial war, which began in 1961. With the advancement of scientific knowledge and given the context of the country, the study plans were restructured, being recognized as the speciality through Decree-Law No. 265/83, leading to the emergence of post-basic schools in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra. In this process, there was always a progressive increase in the teaching load of the different study plans associated with an increase in the complexity of the functions performed by the specialist nurse. Conclusion: Specialized training in rehabilitation nursing developed through different influences, firstly with North American and English associated with the context of the country that had different shortcomings related to the rehabilitative process, and there was a follow-up of the evolution of technical-scientific knowledge and the socio-demographic changes that were being consolidated in the country.
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Keywords
Educação em enfermagem Enfermagem de reabilitação História da enfermagem Plano de estudos Reabilitação Nursing education Rehabilitation nursing History of nursing Study plan Rehabilitation