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Understanding academic evaluation anxiety in Portuguese adolescents: a psychosocial and educational perspective

2025-10-01Research article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorReis, Marta
dc.contributor.authorNoronha, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorTomé, Gina
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Marina
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Nuno Neto
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Margarida Gaspar de
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-02T12:18:31Z
dc.date.available2025-12-02T12:18:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-01
dc.description.abstractObjectives: Academic Evaluation Anxiety is a significant psychological concern among adolescents, with well-documented impacts on academic performance, emotional well-being, and school engagement. In Portugal, recent evidence suggests growing pressure on students to achieve high academic standards, with psychosocial variables such as resilience, perceived support, and school environment playing a crucial role. This study aims to examine the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of Academic Evaluation Anxiety in Portuguese students, and to identify risk and protective factors that inform educational practice. Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study analysed data from 3083 students (5th to 12th grade) from the 2024 National Study by the Observatory of Psychological Health and Well-Being. Validated instruments were used, including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21), the Social and Emotional Skills Scale (SSES), the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) psychological symptoms and well-being indices, the Positive Youth Development (PYD) scale, and the School Environment Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive measures, one-way ANOVAs, and multivariate linear regression. Results: Academic Evaluation Anxiety was significantly higher among female students (Mean = 2.80, SD = 0.93) compared to male students (Mean = 2.16, SD = 1.10), representing approximately 30% higher mean levels of anxiety in girls (F = 306.206, p < 0.001). Resilience (β = −0.38, p < 0.001), self-confidence (β = −0.07, p = 0.02), and creativity (β = −0.06, p = 0.01) emerged as protective factors, whereas cooperation (β = 0.23, p < 0.001), teacher relationships (β = 0.08, p < 0.001), bullying (β = 0.07, p < 0.001), and school environment (β = 0.05, p = 0.03) were positively associated with anxiety levels. Conclusions: Academic Evaluation Anxiety is highly prevalent among Portuguese adolescents, with girls reporting significantly higher levels than boys. Resilience, self-confidence, and creativity act as protective factors, while bullying, teacher relationships, cooperation, and negative school climate increase vulnerability. These findings highlight the need for whole-school strategies that strengthen socio-emotional competencies and create psychologically safe learning environments to support both well-being and academic success.eng
dc.identifier.citationReis, M., Noronha, C., Tomé, G., & Carvalho, M. et al. (2025). Understanding academic evaluation anxiety in Portuguese adolescents: a psychosocial and educational perspective. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 27(10), 1457-1470. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2025.070318
dc.identifier.doi10.32604/ijmhp.2025.070318
dc.identifier.eid105021009029
dc.identifier.issn1462-3730
dc.identifier.othereb747db9-28f0-4092-bbf0-828ee0ea537e
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/55799
dc.identifier.wos001614248700001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAcademic evaluation anxiety
dc.subjectAcademic stress
dc.subjectAdolescents
dc.subjectEmotional regulation
dc.subjectPortuguese education
dc.subjectResilience
dc.subjectSchool environment
dc.titleUnderstanding academic evaluation anxiety in Portuguese adolescents: a psychosocial and educational perspectiveeng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage1470
oaire.citation.issue10
oaire.citation.startPage1457
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Mental Health Promotion
oaire.citation.volume27
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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