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Introdução/ enquadramento/ objetivos Fazer mergulho como tarefa profissional implicará trabalhar a nível do ensino de mergulho, turismo, construção naval, manutenção de plataformas marítimas, investigador (biologia, climatologia, arqueologia, história), ser pescador/ mariscador ou fazer recolha de plantas específicas. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em agosto de 2018 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O barotrauma é o dano que surge nos tecidos em função da pressão; tal é evitado se ocorrer homogeneização da pressão das cavidades com ar e o ambiente. Se à medida que se desce isso não ocorrer, poderá surgir transudação serohemática ou até hemorragias para as cavidades pneumatizadas, para normalizar a pressão. Ao subir, por sua vez, o ar expande nessas estruturas e tal também poderá originar danos. A barotraumatismo pode assim existir na subida, ainda que, no ouvido médio, por exemplo, é mais frequente na descida. A resposta do organismo à diferença de pressão dependerá da sua constituição da área anatómica em causa (sólida, líquida compressível, líquida não compressível ou gasosa). Conclusões Em nenhum dos documentos consultados se encontrou uma visão global e minimente completa a nível de saúde ocupacional deste setor, ainda que alguns dos trabalhos tenham sido muito exaustivos a nível da física do mergulho e respetivas alterações fisiológicas, sobretudo associadas ao barotraumatismo e à doença da descompressão. Com esta revisão e reflexão dos autores, tentou-se listar os inúmeros riscos/ fatores de risco e medidas de proteção, escassamente referidas na literatura.
Introduction / framework / objectives Scuba diving as a professional task will involve working in diving lessons, tourism, shipbuilding, maintenance of maritime platforms, researcher (biology, climatology, archeology, history, being a fisherman or plant collector. Methodology This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey conducted in August 2018 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP “. Content Barotrauma is the damage that arises in tissues as a function of pressure; this is avoided if homogenization of the pressure of the air pockets and the environment occurs. If this does not occur, serohematic transudation or even bleeding into the pneumatized cavities may occur to normalize the pressure. Going to the surface, the air expands in the pneumatized cavities and if this excess volume of air is not released, barotrauma will also result. Barotraumatism can thus exist in the ascent, although in the middle ear, for example, it is more frequent in descent. The body’s response to the pressure difference will depend on its constitution: solid, liquid or gas. Conclusions In none of the consulted documents was a complete view of occupational health applied to this sector, although some of the studies are very exhaustive in the physics of diving and their physiological alterations, mainly associated with barotraumatism and decompression sickness. With this review and reflection the authors tried to list the risks / risk factors and measures of protection.
Introduction / framework / objectives Scuba diving as a professional task will involve working in diving lessons, tourism, shipbuilding, maintenance of maritime platforms, researcher (biology, climatology, archeology, history, being a fisherman or plant collector. Methodology This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey conducted in August 2018 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP “. Content Barotrauma is the damage that arises in tissues as a function of pressure; this is avoided if homogenization of the pressure of the air pockets and the environment occurs. If this does not occur, serohematic transudation or even bleeding into the pneumatized cavities may occur to normalize the pressure. Going to the surface, the air expands in the pneumatized cavities and if this excess volume of air is not released, barotrauma will also result. Barotraumatism can thus exist in the ascent, although in the middle ear, for example, it is more frequent in descent. The body’s response to the pressure difference will depend on its constitution: solid, liquid or gas. Conclusions In none of the consulted documents was a complete view of occupational health applied to this sector, although some of the studies are very exhaustive in the physics of diving and their physiological alterations, mainly associated with barotraumatism and decompression sickness. With this review and reflection the authors tried to list the risks / risk factors and measures of protection.
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Keywords
Trabalho hiperbárico Mergulho Saúde ocupacional Saúde do trabalhador Medicina do trabalho Hyperbaric work Diving Occupational health Worker health Occupational medicine