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Is the tripartite life model being reconfigured? An exploratory study on retirement expectations among millennials and generation Z in Portugal

2026-06-15Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg01:Erradicar a Pobreza
datacite.subject.sdg08:Trabalho Digno e Crescimento Económico
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Ana Maria da Costa
dc.contributor.authorSimão, Catarina Silva
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-25T15:49:34Z
dc.date.available2026-06-25T15:49:34Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-15
dc.description.abstractThe classic tripartite life-course model (education, work, and retirement) is under increasing pressure from rising longevity and structural labour-market change. This study examines how Millennials and Generation Z in Portugal conceptualise retirement and the life course, asking whether these cohorts adhere to a standardised, sequential logic or aspire to more fluid, multi-stage trajectories, and whether observed differences reflect generation or socioeconomic position. A cross-sectional survey of 234 participants aged 18–43 assessed perceptions of retirement, openness to non-linear life cycles, future concerns, preparation strategies, and orientations towards lifelong learning. Responses were analysed using nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis) and multivariate linear regression, with outcomes stratified by income, education, and occupational status. Participants showed a widespread preference for greater flexibility around the tripartite sequence rather than its abandonment, the statutory retirement age persisting as a reference point. Trust in the public pension system was low and cross-cutting, with over 70% doubting its capacity to ensure an adequate retirement, while Generation Z reported significantly greater concern about losing professional purpose. Socioeconomic position was a more consistent stratifier than generation for financial preparation, which rose with income and education; distrust, by contrast, was predicted by neither socioeconomic position nor generation in multivariate models. These findings indicate that biographical deinstitutionalisation may already be underway among younger Portuguese cohorts, with structural risks increasingly individualised, carrying implications for the redesign of life-course policies and social protection systems in an era of longevityeng
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jal6020046
dc.identifier.otherdaeb916d-b0e4-42b9-96ce-0e450946c05e
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/58282
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectLife courseeng
dc.subjectRetirementeng
dc.subjectMillennialseng
dc.subjectGeneration Zeng
dc.subjectBounded agencyeng
dc.subjectDeinstitutionalisationeng
dc.subjectMulti-stage life modeleng
dc.subjectSocial protectioneng
dc.titleIs the tripartite life model being reconfigured? An exploratory study on retirement expectations among millennials and generation Z in Portugal
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.volume6
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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CRC-W - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals