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In or out? Crowding effects in public goods with private gifts: evidence from crowdfunding

2025-07-01Research article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorBernard, Anna
dc.contributor.authorGazel, Marco
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-13T14:36:31Z
dc.date.available2025-08-13T14:36:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-01
dc.description.abstractHow do cumulative contributions influence subsequent giving to public goods that offer private gifts? While prior research has examined contribution dynamics in fundraising, the role of excludability — the property of preventing noncontributors from accessing the good — remains largely unexplored. We use comprehensive data from a reward-based crowdfunding platform to show that the excludability of a project significantly shapes its contribution pattern. We introduce two novel measures of excludability: one based on a good’s inherent characteristics and another derived from the geographic distribution of backer-project distances. Our analysis reveals that more excludable goods (such as local projects and tangible products) exhibit stronger crowding-in effects, whereas less excludable ones (such as global projects and journalism) experience crowding-out effects. Although crowdfunding platforms systematically highlight cumulative contributions, our findings suggest that fundraisers should emphasize this information, particularly for excludable goods, but not for the least excludable ones.eng
dc.identifier.citationBernard, A., & Gazel, M. (2025). In or out? Crowding effects in public goods with private gifts: evidence from crowdfunding. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 235, Article 107023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107023
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107023
dc.identifier.eid105003692655
dc.identifier.issn0167-2681
dc.identifier.othera7020fc1-4e44-450e-a0ad-6ceea5371d35
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/54548
dc.identifier.wos001485160600001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAltruism
dc.subjectCrowdfunding
dc.subjectExcludability
dc.subjectFundraising
dc.subjectPublic good
dc.titleIn or out? Crowding effects in public goods with private gifts: evidence from crowdfundingeng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Economic Behavior and Organization
oaire.citation.volume235
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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