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Perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a liderança exercida pelos seus gestores: um estudo observacional
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Introdução: Práticas de liderança eficazes em enfermagem são determinantes para ambientes de trabalho positivos, motivação e satisfação profissional, assumindo particular relevância em contextos organizacionais cada vez mais complexos e exigentes, com impacto direto na qualidade e segurança dos cuidados. Objetivo: Caracterizar a perceção dos enfermeiros sobre os papéis de liderança do enfermeiro gestor e analisar a relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, com uma amostra de 338 enfermeiros, obtida por amostragem não probabilística. Utilizou-se um questionário de liderança adaptado para Portugal. A análise descritiva e inferencial foi realizada com recurso ao programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 30.0, utilizando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os enfermeiros revelaram perceções globalmente positivas da liderança dos seus gestores, com valores acima do ponto de corte, destacando-se os papéis associados ao apoio, orientação, organização e foco nos resultados. Em contraste os papéis ligados à inovação e à mediação externa apresentaram valores inferiores. Verificaram-se associações significativas entre os papéis de liderança e variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais, sendo as perceções mais elevadas entre enfermeiros mais velhos, do sexo feminino, viúvos/divorciados, especialistas e a exercerem nos cuidados de saúde primários. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam a importância de estilos de liderança centrados no apoio, planeamento e organização, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias ajustadas à maturidade profissional e aos diferentes contextos organizacionais. Destaca- se ainda a pertinência de investir no desenvolvimento de competências de liderança associadas à inovação e à mediação estratégica, com impacto potencial na melhoria dos ambientes de trabalho e na qualidade dos cuidados.
Introduction: Effective leadership practices in nursing are critical for fostering positive work environments, motivation, and professional satisfaction. They are particularly relevant in increasingly complex and demanding organizational contexts, with a direct impact on the quality and safety of care. Objective: To characterize nurses’ perceptions of nurse managers’ leadership roles and to analyze their relationship with sociodemographic and professional variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 338 nurses, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. A leadership questionnaire adapted for Portugal was used. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Nurses reported overall positive perceptions of their managers’ leadership, with scores above the cutoff point. Roles related to support, guidance, organization, and results orientation stood out. In contrast, roles linked to innovation and external mediation showed lower scores. Significant associations were found between leadership roles and sociodemographic and professional variables, with higher perceptions among older nurses, females, widowed/divorced individuals, specialists, and those working in primary health care. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of leadership styles focused on support, planning, and organization, reinforcing the need for strategies tailored to professional maturity and different organizational contexts. There is also a clear need to invest in the development of leadership competencies related to innovation and strategic mediation, with potential impact on improving work environments and quality of care.
Introduction: Effective leadership practices in nursing are critical for fostering positive work environments, motivation, and professional satisfaction. They are particularly relevant in increasingly complex and demanding organizational contexts, with a direct impact on the quality and safety of care. Objective: To characterize nurses’ perceptions of nurse managers’ leadership roles and to analyze their relationship with sociodemographic and professional variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 338 nurses, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. A leadership questionnaire adapted for Portugal was used. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Nurses reported overall positive perceptions of their managers’ leadership, with scores above the cutoff point. Roles related to support, guidance, organization, and results orientation stood out. In contrast, roles linked to innovation and external mediation showed lower scores. Significant associations were found between leadership roles and sociodemographic and professional variables, with higher perceptions among older nurses, females, widowed/divorced individuals, specialists, and those working in primary health care. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of leadership styles focused on support, planning, and organization, reinforcing the need for strategies tailored to professional maturity and different organizational contexts. There is also a clear need to invest in the development of leadership competencies related to innovation and strategic mediation, with potential impact on improving work environments and quality of care.
Descrição
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Liderança Enfermeiro gestor Ambiente de prática Rotatividade Qualidade dos cuidados Leadership Nurse manager Practive environment Turnover Quality of care
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Polytechnic Institute of Viseu