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Breaking the silica barrier: optimising carotenoid extraction from diatoms
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Introduction: Diatoms are microalgae rich in bioactive carotenoids with antioxidant and health-promoting potential (1,2,3,4). However, their rigid silica frustules limit solvent penetration, hindering efficient carotenoid extraction and concealing their true content (5). This study investigates physical and chemical treatments to disrupt the silica structure of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Nannofrustulum shiloi, and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. The aim is not only to enhance carotenoid recovery while preserving pigment integrity, but also to understand how each extraction technique affects the silica frustule at the structural and chemical levels. By linking extraction efficiency to silica modifications, this work contributes to the development of sustainable strategies that unlock the full potential of diatom-derived carotenoids for use in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural colourants. Objectives: This study aimed to: To evaluate the effect of physical and chemical treatments on silica removal and carotenoid recovery efficiency; To assess structural and chemical alterations in the silica frustule caused by different extraction methods using SEM and FTIR analyses; To identify optimal treatment conditions that maximise carotenoid yield while preserving pigment integrity.
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Rocha, H. R., Coelho, M., Sousa, S., & Morais, R. M. S. C. et al. (2025). Breaking the silica barrier: optimising carotenoid extraction from diatoms. Poster session presented at 4th Food Chemistry Conference, Scotland, United Kingdom.