Logo do repositório
 
Publicação

Toxicological and endocrine impacts of materials in removable orthodontic retainers: a systematic review

2025-01-01Artigo de revisão Acesso aberto
Ver registo simples
dc.contributor.authorEscalon, Serguei
dc.contributor.authorDelgado, Ana Sintra
dc.contributor.authorNogueira, Fátima
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-15T11:11:46Z
dc.date.available2025-12-15T11:11:46Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-01
dc.description.abstractThis review aimed to examine the potential cytotoxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects of materials used in removable orthodontic retainers. A systematic survey of the literature from 2015 to 2025 analyzed studies evaluating in vitro cytotoxicity, estrogenic activity, in vivo tissue reactions, and clinical biomarker responses. Materials assessed included PMMA plates, thermoplastic foils, fiber-reinforced composites, PEEK, and 3D-printed photopolymer resins. Forty-eight studies (38 in vitro, 10 clinical) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Photopolymer resins were associated with the greatest cytotoxic responses, whereas PMMA and thermoplastics generally showed mild effects, which were further reduced after 24 hours of water immersion. Release of bisphenol-like compounds was observed, although systemic exposure remained within regulatory safety limits. Clinical evaluations reported no significant mucosal changes or measurable endocrine disturbances. Overall, removable retainer materials demonstrate acceptable biocompatibility, but evidence regarding long-term endocrine consequences is limited. Standardized testing frameworks are needed to allow consistent comparison across orthodontic materials. Furthermore, single-use thermoplastics may contribute to microplastic pollution and pose challenges for disposal, raising environmental sustainability concerns.eng
dc.identifier.citationEscalon, S., Delgado, A. S., & Nogueira, F. (2025). Toxicological and endocrine impacts of materials in removable orthodontic retainers: a systematic review. Asian Journal of Periodontics and Orthodontics, 5, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.51847/yRQLtJc2Lh
dc.identifier.doi10.51847/yRQLtJc2Lh
dc.identifier.eid105023098826
dc.identifier.other78c64d9e-3d0c-448b-8877-1659bad64d1d
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/55880
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectBiocompatibility
dc.subjectBisphenol compounds
dc.subjectClear aligners
dc.subjectPMMA
dc.subjectRemovable orthodontic retainers
dc.subjectThermoplastics
dc.titleToxicological and endocrine impacts of materials in removable orthodontic retainers: a systematic revieweng
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage128
oaire.citation.startPage113
oaire.citation.titleAsian Journal of Periodontics and Orthodontics
oaire.citation.volume5
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

Ficheiros

Principais
A mostrar 1 - 1 de 1
Miniatura
Nome:
134938152.pdf
Tamanho:
296.06 KB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Ver/Abrir

Coleções

CIIS - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals