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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A arquitectura, na sua vertente profissional, tem vindo ao longo do seu
percurso, a melhorar a vida das comunidades sob a forma de habitação,
serviço público e privado. A arquitectura tem acompanhado as transformações
sociais ao serviço da civilização humana, desde a forma habitacional até
edifícios públicos. A arquitectura e os seus edifícios imponentes sempre
espelharam os diferentes períodos históricos e a vida quotidiana de cada
cultura. Por esta razão, conseguimos uma leitura arquitectónica como uma
narrativa da história da economia política e cultura de um determinado
contexto geográfico. O poder, seja ele político, financeiro, religioso, ou de
classes sociais mais ricas, materializa-se na robustez, escala ou
ornamentação/iconografia, dos seus edifícios. Assim sendo, o arquitecto,
trabalhou ao serviço das classes que detinham o poder, enquanto que as
classes mais baixas autoconstruíam o seu habitat. Contrariamente, a
arquitectura evolui em diversas formas de estilo, o arquitecto mantém-se
predominantemente ao serviço do mercado, a classe economicamente mais
favorecida continua a ser a mais beneficiada com o trabalho do arquitecto,
pois é a única que suporta o pagamento ao mesmo. De acordo com o
Relatório das Actividades Globais da UN-Habitat de 2013, 1/3 da população
urbana residente em países em desenvolvimento, mora em bairros de lata ou
favelas, com maior incidência na África Sub-Saariana que apresenta a
percentagem mais elevada, 62% da população. Em muitos destes países as
ONG’s trabalham no combate à pobreza extrema, sendo estas o único tipo de
apoio prestado à população mais pobre. Desta forma, esta dissertação
questiona o papel social do arquitecto tendo em conta o actual estado de
polarização espacial do planeta. Com base na literatura sobre os temas do
Direito à Cidade, Planeamento Participativo e Globalização, procura-se clarificar
as razões por detrás da mercantilização da arquitectura e os seus valores
enquanto o mundo inteiro se globaliza. Através da revisão literária e estudos
de caso a dissertação sugere que que o arquitecto poderá ter, no futuro, um
papel mais preponderante na sociedade através de práticas participativas.
The architecture, in his professional side has been improving the lives of communities in the form of housing, public and private service. The architecture has followed the social transformations in the service of human civilization, from housing to public buildings.The architecture and its imposing buildings always mirrored the different historical periods and daily life of every culture. Therefore, we can get a reading as an architectural narrative of the history of political, economy, and culture of a particular geographical context. The power, whether political, financial, religious, or wealthier social classes is materialized in the robustness, scale and ornamentation / iconography of its buildings.Therefore, the architect, worked in the service of the class who held power while the lower classes self-buit their habitat.Unlike the architect,the architecture evolves in various forms of style, whilst the architect remains predominantly in the service market.The most economically privileged class continues to be the most self-indulgence with the work of the architect,has it is the only who can support their payment.According to the Global Report on Activities of the UN-Habitat, 2013, 1/3 of the urban population resident in developing countries urban population, live in slums, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa which has the highest percentage 62% of the population. In many of these countries NGO's are working to combat extreme poverty, these are the only type of support provided to the poor population. This thesis questions the social role of the architect given the current state of the planet and the spatial polarization.Through literature on the topics of Right to the City, Participatory Planning and Globalization, the aim is to clarify the reasons behind the commodification of architecture and its values while the whole world is globalizing.By the literature review and case studies, the dissertation suggests that the architect may in the future have a greater role in society through participatory practices.
The architecture, in his professional side has been improving the lives of communities in the form of housing, public and private service. The architecture has followed the social transformations in the service of human civilization, from housing to public buildings.The architecture and its imposing buildings always mirrored the different historical periods and daily life of every culture. Therefore, we can get a reading as an architectural narrative of the history of political, economy, and culture of a particular geographical context. The power, whether political, financial, religious, or wealthier social classes is materialized in the robustness, scale and ornamentation / iconography of its buildings.Therefore, the architect, worked in the service of the class who held power while the lower classes self-buit their habitat.Unlike the architect,the architecture evolves in various forms of style, whilst the architect remains predominantly in the service market.The most economically privileged class continues to be the most self-indulgence with the work of the architect,has it is the only who can support their payment.According to the Global Report on Activities of the UN-Habitat, 2013, 1/3 of the urban population resident in developing countries urban population, live in slums, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa which has the highest percentage 62% of the population. In many of these countries NGO's are working to combat extreme poverty, these are the only type of support provided to the poor population. This thesis questions the social role of the architect given the current state of the planet and the spatial polarization.Through literature on the topics of Right to the City, Participatory Planning and Globalization, the aim is to clarify the reasons behind the commodification of architecture and its values while the whole world is globalizing.By the literature review and case studies, the dissertation suggests that the architect may in the future have a greater role in society through participatory practices.
Description
Keywords
Planeamento participativo Arquitectura globalizada Urbanização Pobreza Participatory planning Global architecture Urbanization Poverty