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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
The utilization of antibiotics to control infectious diseases is one of the
biggest advances in human and veterinary health care. However, the generalized
use of antibiotics has been accompanied by a worrisome increase in the prevalence
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This evidence motivated numerous studies on the
diversity and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genetic
determinants not only in clinic but also in different environmental compartments.
Given the particular importance that the anthropic water cycle (waste water/surface
water/drinking water) may have in the development and dissemination of antibioticresistant
organisms, this chapter aims at summarizing the recent advances in this
area. Sections 1 and 2 are an Introduction to antibiotic resistance, summarizing some
mechanisms and modes of resistance acquisition. In Sect. 3, the contribution of the
environmental pollution and other anthropic pressures for antibiotic resistance
evolution is discussed. The use of different methodologies and the limitations to
achieve general conclusions on the characterization and quantification of antibiotic
resistance in aquatic environments are examined in Sects. 4 and 7. Sections 5–7
summarize recent evidences on the widespread distribution of antibiotic resistance
in different compartments of the anthropic water cycle. The scarcity of studies
giving evidences on the direct effect of anthropic pressures on antibiotic resistance
acquisition and maintenance in treated waste/drinking waters is highlighted. The
contribution of bacterial community rearrangement, imposed by water treatment
processes, on the increase of antibiotic resistance is discussed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resistance genes Resistome Selective pressure Water
Contexto Educativo
Citação
MANAIA, C. M.; VAZ-MOREIRA, I.; NUNES, O. C. – Antibiotic resistance in waste water and surface water and human health implications. In Barceló, Damiá (ed.) - The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 20: Emerging organic contaminants and human health. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2012. E-ISBN 978-3-642-28132-7. p. 173-212
Editora
Springer-Verlag