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Em 1933, um ano após a sua tomada de posse como Presidente do Conselho de Portugal, António de Oliveira Salazar conseguiu ver aprovada uma nova Constituição, reorganizando a política, a sociedade civil e a economia portuguesas numa base corporativista. Este artigo aborda o interesse notável que o Estado Novo salazarista despertou nos círculos dos partidos políticos cristãos nos Países Baixos (Holanda) por volta de 1940. Procura-se argumentar que tal interesse teve a ver com a então segmentação institucional da sociedade holandesa, na base de diferenças políticas e religiosas, conhecida na historiografia como ‘verzuiling’ ou ‘pilarização’. Alguns intelectuais católicos defendiam que a comunidade católica holandesa não devia contentar-se com o seu próprio ‘zuil’ ou ‘pilar’, mas, pelo contrário, devia aspirar a uma reconfiguração da sociedade em conformidade com a Doutrina Social da Igreja Católica, a exemplo do Estado Novo português. Por outro lado, alguns ‘fazedores de opinião’ protestantes holandeses consideravam o Estado Novo como paradigma de um estado estruturado ‘organicamente’, exibindo uma alternativa para a segregação ‘pilarizada’ na nação holandesa, algo que eles contestavam profundamente. Além disso, os admiradores holandeses de Salazar, tanto católicos como protestantes, acreditavam que o Estado Novo se baseava em princípios que ofereciam tanto uma solução para a crise política e económica que afetava a Holanda na década de 1930, como um fundamento para a reconstrução do seu país depois da invasão alemã-nazi em 1940.
In 1933, one year after his inauguration as prime minister of Portugal, António de Oliveira Salazar managed to get a new constitution accepted, reorganising Portuguese politics, civil society, and economics on a corporatist basis. This article deals with the remarkable amount of interest that Salazar’s Estado Novo aroused in the circles of Christian political parties in the Netherlands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. My argument is that this interest had to do with the existing institutional compartmentalisation of Dutch society along politico-religious lines, known as ‘verzuiling’ or ‘pillarisation’. Some Catholic intellectuals felt that the Dutch Catholic community should not content itself with its own ‘zuil’ or ‘pillar’, but rather aspire after a reconfiguration of society in accordance with Catholic social teaching, of which the Estado Novo was an example. In Protestant circles, some considered the Estado Novo to be a paragon of an ‘organically’ organised state, thereby offering an alternative to the ‘pillarised’ segregation of the Dutch nation that they utterly detested. In addition, both Dutch Catholic and Protestant admirers of Salazar thought that the Estado Novo was based on principles that could offer both a solution to the political and economic crisis affecting the Netherlands in the 1930s and a fundament on which to reconstruct their country after the Nazi-German invasion in 1940.
In 1933, one year after his inauguration as prime minister of Portugal, António de Oliveira Salazar managed to get a new constitution accepted, reorganising Portuguese politics, civil society, and economics on a corporatist basis. This article deals with the remarkable amount of interest that Salazar’s Estado Novo aroused in the circles of Christian political parties in the Netherlands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. My argument is that this interest had to do with the existing institutional compartmentalisation of Dutch society along politico-religious lines, known as ‘verzuiling’ or ‘pillarisation’. Some Catholic intellectuals felt that the Dutch Catholic community should not content itself with its own ‘zuil’ or ‘pillar’, but rather aspire after a reconfiguration of society in accordance with Catholic social teaching, of which the Estado Novo was an example. In Protestant circles, some considered the Estado Novo to be a paragon of an ‘organically’ organised state, thereby offering an alternative to the ‘pillarised’ segregation of the Dutch nation that they utterly detested. In addition, both Dutch Catholic and Protestant admirers of Salazar thought that the Estado Novo was based on principles that could offer both a solution to the political and economic crisis affecting the Netherlands in the 1930s and a fundament on which to reconstruct their country after the Nazi-German invasion in 1940.
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Holanda Cristianismo Estado Novo Salazar Corporativismo The Netherlands Christianity Corporatism