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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Healthful and valuable compounds can be recovered from the fish canning residues
and employed in high-priority fields such as medicine and food, or in other areas such as
agrochemical and animal feedings. Proteins, lipids, biopolymers, amino acids and
enzymes can be recovered either from wastewaters or from solid residues (head, viscera,
skin, tails and flesh) generated along the canning process of sardine and mackerel,
throughout the salting, cooking and filleting stages.
Sardine and mackerel scales were processed for the recovery of collagen and its
hydrolysed derivatives, either enzymatically, such as collagen peptides, or thermally, such
as gelatine. The hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based materials were extracted
from bones throughout calcination, while anti-hypertensive peptides were recovered from
flesh or cooking wastewater through enzymatic hydrolysis of muscle proteins. Peptides
obtained from hydrolysis showed bioactivity namely high anti-hipertensive property.
Collagen and collagen peptides could be employed in cosmetics and biomedicine,
while gelatine could be used in low-fat food formulations, due to its fat-like melting
properties which can contribute to a smooth and creamy mouth-feel.
Hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate could be used for the development of
biocompatible bone cement for craniofacial, oral-maxillofacial and orthopaedic defect
repair, and coating for femoral components; the ion-exchange properties of
hydroxyapatite could make it also suitable for wastewater treatment (heavy metals
removal). Finally, anti-hypertensive peptides from flesh residues, as well as collagen
peptides (<3000 Da) could be employed in the development of functional foods and
drinks formulations.
This research shows the opportunities for the valorisation of bioactive compounds
from sardine and mackerel canning residues. These are amongst the most consumed fish
in the Mediterranean area; moreover, canning is one of the most important and applied
methods of preservation. The large quantities of by-products generated have great
potentials of valorisation and the extraction of bioactive compounds will also contribute to
reduce their impact on the environment.