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Insight into the efficiency of microalgae’ lipidic extracts as photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus

2024-10Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMendonça, Inês
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorConde, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorMaurício, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Helena
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorBartolomeu, Maria
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Cátia
dc.contributor.authorDomingues, M. Rosário
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Adelaide
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T17:03:20Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T17:03:20Z
dc.date.issued2024-10
dc.description.abstractAntibacterial resistance causes around 1.27 million deaths annually around the globe and has been recognized as a top 3 priority health threat. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. Algal lipid extracts have shown antibacterial effects when used as photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT. In this work we assessed the photodynamic efficiency of lipidic extracts of microalgae belonging to different phyla (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Haptophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta). All the extracts (at 1 mg mL−1) demonstrated a reduction of Staphylococcus aureus >3 log10 (CFU mL−1), exhibiting bactericidal activity. Bacillariophyta and Haptophyta extracts were the top-performing phyla against S. aureus, achieving a reduction >6 log10 (CFU mL−1) with light doses of 60 J cm−2 (Bacillariophyta) and 90 J cm−2 (Haptophyta). The photodynamic properties of the Bacillariophyta Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the Haptophyta Tisochrysis lutea, the best effective microalgae lipid extracts, were also assessed at lower concentrations (75 μg mL−1, 7.5 μg mL−1, and 3.75 μg mL−1), reaching, in general, inactivation rates higher than those obtained with the widely used PSs, such as Methylene Blue and Chlorine e6, at lower concentration and light dose. The presence of chlorophyll c, which can absorb a greater amount of energy than chlorophylls a and b; rich content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and fucoxanthin, which can also produce ROS, e.g. singlet oxygen (1O2), when photo-energized; a lack of photoprotective carotenoids such as β-carotene, and low content of tocopherol, were associated with the algal extracts with higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The bactericidal activity exhibited by the extracts seems to result from the photooxidation of microalgae PUFAs by the 1O2 and/or other ROS produced by irradiated chlorophylls/carotenoids, which eventually led to bacterial lipid peroxidation and cell death, but further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. These results revealed the potential of an unexplored source of natural photosensitizers (microalgae lipid extracts) that can be used as PSs in aPDT as an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments, and even to conventional PSs, to combat antibacterial resistance.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112997pt_PT
dc.identifier.eid85200993640
dc.identifier.issn1011-1344
dc.identifier.pmid39137701
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/46608
dc.identifier.wos001295408300001
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectAlgae’ lipid extractspt_PT
dc.subjectAntimicrobial photodynamic therapypt_PT
dc.subjectChlorophyllspt_PT
dc.subjectFucoxanthinpt_PT
dc.subjectPhotosensitizerspt_PT
dc.subjectPolyunsaturated fatty acidspt_PT
dc.titleInsight into the efficiency of microalgae’ lipidic extracts as photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Staphylococcus aureuspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume259pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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