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Postprandial metabolic responses to a glycomacropeptide-based protein substitute in different meal contexts-implications for phenylketonuria (PKU)

2026-10-01Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorJácome-Pacheco, Dúnio
dc.contributor.authorBarreiros-Mota, Inês
dc.contributor.authorIsmael, Shamila
dc.contributor.authorMaia-Santos, Gilberto
dc.contributor.authorNoronha, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorCastela, Inês
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Jéssica
dc.contributor.authorFlorindo, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Alexandra Filipa
dc.contributor.authorCadio, João
dc.contributor.authorCalhau, Conceição
dc.contributor.authorPestana, Diogo
dc.contributor.authorAraujo, João Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorMacDonald, Anita
dc.contributor.authorFaria, Ana
dc.contributor.authorRocha, Júlio César
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-17T16:05:28Z
dc.date.available2026-09-17T16:05:28Z
dc.date.issued2026-10-01
dc.description.abstractBackground: Casein glycomacropeptide supplemented with amino acids (CGMP-AA) is used in the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU). However, its acute metabolic effects when consumed with other foods remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact CGMP-AA consumed alone or with two low-protein meals providing carbohydrates with either fibre or fat. Methods: In this randomised crossover trial, fifteen healthy adults (27.0 ± 7.9 y; 7 females) consumed: A) CGMP-AA alone; B) CGMP-AA with low-protein bread and unpeeled apple; or C) CGMP-AA with lowprotein bread and olive oil. Blood samples were collected over 120 min to assess glucose, insulin, Cpeptide, amino acids, and appetite-related hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY)). Results: Co-ingestion with low-protein foods had limited effects on total essential and large neutral amino acid concentrations over 120 min, but increased Tyr incremental area under the curve (iAUC(0–120min)) and peak concentration (Cmax) compared with CGMP-AA alone. Meal B elicited the highest glucose, insulin, and C-peptide iAUC(0–120min) and Cmax, followed by meal C, whereas meal A induced minimal glycaemic and insulinaemic excursions. Meal C produced the greatest GIP response, whereas GLP-1 and PYY did not differ between test meals. Conclusions: In healthy adults, CGMP-AA elicited distinct acute postprandial responses depending on whether it was consumed alone or with low-protein foods. CGMP-AA consumed with food is not metabolically equivalent to CGMP-AA consumed alone, and carbohydrate-with-fibre and carbohydrate with-fat meal contexts affect distinct aspects of the postprandial response. These findings should be confirmed in individuals with PKU before being translated into dietary recommendations.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106752
dc.identifier.eid105049279804
dc.identifier.other843a43c0-3c6f-4990-b706-ffc48c7598f4
dc.identifier.pmid42696856
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/59450
dc.identifier.wos001872068900001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherChurchill Livingstone
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAmino acid kineticseng
dc.subjectAppetite regulating hormoneseng
dc.subjectCasein glycomacropeptideeng
dc.subjectGlycaemic excursionseng
dc.subjectPhenylketonuriaeng
dc.subjectPostprandial metabolismeng
dc.titlePostprandial metabolic responses to a glycomacropeptide-based protein substitute in different meal contexts-implications for phenylketonuria (PKU)
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.volume65
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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