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White spot lesion treatment options: a systematic review of different techniques for masking these lesions

2025-05-19Artigo de revisão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorLamorgese, Michela
dc.contributor.authorVeiga, Nélio
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Maria J.
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Ana T. P. C.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Sara
dc.contributor.authorLopes-Rocha, Lígia
dc.contributor.authorFidalgo-Pereira, Rita
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Pedro C.
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-13T15:36:20Z
dc.date.available2025-08-13T15:36:20Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-19
dc.description.abstractWhite spot lesions (WSLs) are early clinical stages of enamel demineralization, often related to orthodontic treatment or poor oral hygiene. The use of gels such as fluoride for topical application inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization of dental tissues through various mechanisms. A variety of therapeutic approaches are available; however, recent research indicates that combined treatment strategies may yield superior clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy. The aim of this study was to critically compare the efficacy of combining multiple treatment techniques for WSLs compared to using these techniques alone. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases according to PRISMA guidelines. The PICO strategy was used to formulate the research question: Which clinical approaches combined or isolated (C) influence the treatment and prevention effectiveness (O) of white spot lesions (I) in humans (P) in the last ten years (T)? Inclusion criteria focused on clinical studies from the last ten years evaluating the combined use of at least two treatment techniques for WSL, resulting in a total of 8 randomized controlled trials selected from an initial pool of 1185 articles. Our results suggest that combined treatment strategies, including resin infiltration with fluoride varnish and ozone therapy combined with fluoride application, demonstrated enhanced efficacy in lesion masking and remineralization compared to single-treatment approaches. CPP-ACP and hydroxyapatite-based creams improved aesthetics, particularly when used alongside fluoride varnish. Our study concluded that the combination of remineralization agents like fluoride gel, infiltrative resins, and antimicrobial treatments offers superior outcomes on white spot lesion treatment than using these techniques alone. However, long-term clinical studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and confirm durability.eng
dc.identifier.citationLamorgese, M., Veiga, N., Correia, M. J., & Gomes, A. T. P. C. et al. (2025). White spot lesion treatment options: a systematic review of different techniques for masking these lesions. Gels, 11(5), Article 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11050371
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/gels11050371
dc.identifier.eid105006714644
dc.identifier.issn2310-2861
dc.identifier.other87af6b3d-6169-4781-91a7-c7ee21a0943c
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/54562
dc.identifier.wos001495728500001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCPP-ACP
dc.subjectFluoride
dc.subjectGels
dc.subjectMinimally invasive dentistry
dc.subjectOzone therapy
dc.subjectRemineralization
dc.subjectResin infiltration
dc.subjectWhite spot lesions
dc.titleWhite spot lesion treatment options: a systematic review of different techniques for masking these lesionseng
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.titleGels
oaire.citation.volume11
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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