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Authors
Abstract(s)
A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), é uma doença crónica, e a mais frequente em crianças e adolescentes. Esta condição carateriza-se pela destruição autoimune das células b pancreáticas, que deixam de produzir insulina. O tratamento da DM1 envolve a gestão diária de três eixos fundamentais: a administração de insulina, a alimentação e a atividade física. Para que a criança/jovem se sinta bem e segura é fundamental que siga a terapêutica instituída. O tratamento da diabetes tem sofrido grandes avanços ao longo do tempo, permitindo novas formas de tratamento, que perpetuam a otimização do controlo metabólico. No entanto, outros são os fatores associados que podem interferir na gestão e qualidade de vida da criança/adolescente diabética, como é o caso da comunidade escolar, família e fatores psicossociais. O atual projeto de investigação, teve como objetivo geral caraterizar os doentes com DM1 da Consulta Multidisciplinar de Pediatria/Diabetes do Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – CHTMAD, EPE. Pretendeu-se descrever os doentes desta consulta relativamente à história da doença e controlo da mesma, incluindo a descrição sociodemográfica, estilos de vida e literacia em saúde, na tentativa de identificar fatores facilitadores de um melhor controlo da doença, além dos clínicos. Um dos aspetos que se tentou explorar foi a integração dos doentes na escola, tendo em vista a identificação de eventuais necessidades de formação dos profissionais das escolas onde estas crianças/adolescentes estão inseridas. As crianças/adolescentes do presente estudo demonstraram ter hábitos salutogénicos, novas formas de tratamentos instituídas e, apesar de grande parte se sentir bem e segura relativamente à DM1, a verdade é que existem ainda situações de tristeza, revolta e insegurança. Verificou-se ainda que, a comunidade escolar onde estas crianças/adolescentes estão inseridas, não se encontra devidamente informada sobre a doença, não existindo também um total conhecimento, deste público, face aos aparelhos de controlo e terapêutica da DM1, como o método da contagem de hidratos de carbono. É urgente reforçar a formação à comunidade escolar, aumentando a literacia nesta doença, para que a criança/adolescente se possa sentir integrada e segura. É também importante a realização de mais estudos em outras zonas geográficas, de forma a se perceber de forma mais holística a realidade vivida em diferentes instituições.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), is a chronic illness and the most frequent amongst children and adolescents. This condition is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta pancreatic cells, that no longer produce insulin. The treatment of type 1 diabetes involves the daily management of three fundamental axes: the administration of insulin, diet and physical activity. In order to make a child / young person feel good and safe is essential to follow a therapeutic instituted. Diabetes treatment undergoes major advances over time, that allow new forms of treatment, which perpetuate the optimization of metabolic control. However, others are the associated factors that may interfere with the management and quality of life of the diabetic child / adolescent, for instance as the school community, family and psychosocial factors. The current research project aimed to characterize the patients with DM1 of the Multidisciplinary Consultation of Pediatrics / Diabetes of the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Hospital Center – CHTMAD, EPE. We describe the symptoms of this consultation regarding the history of the disease and its control, including a sociodemographic description, lifestyles and health literacy, associated factors that may interfere in the diabetic child’s life and management, as well as clinical ones. One of the aspects that could be explored was the integration of patients in the school, in order to identify possible training needs of professionals in the schools where these children / adolescents are inserted. Children / adolescents in the present studydemonstrated salutogenic habits, new forms of instituted use and, although much feel safe and well in DM1, there are still situations of sadness, anger and insecurity. Because it was verified there is also an incomplete knowledge that the school community in the sample does not find detailed information about the disease, there is also no full knowledge of this public regarding DM1 control and therapeutic devices, such as the carbohydrate counting method. It’s urgent to reinforce the need for training in the school community increasing the literacy regarding this disease, so that the child / adolescent can feel integrated and safe. It is also important to have more studies in other geographic areas, so that it’s understand in a more holistic view the reality lived in different institutions.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), is a chronic illness and the most frequent amongst children and adolescents. This condition is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta pancreatic cells, that no longer produce insulin. The treatment of type 1 diabetes involves the daily management of three fundamental axes: the administration of insulin, diet and physical activity. In order to make a child / young person feel good and safe is essential to follow a therapeutic instituted. Diabetes treatment undergoes major advances over time, that allow new forms of treatment, which perpetuate the optimization of metabolic control. However, others are the associated factors that may interfere with the management and quality of life of the diabetic child / adolescent, for instance as the school community, family and psychosocial factors. The current research project aimed to characterize the patients with DM1 of the Multidisciplinary Consultation of Pediatrics / Diabetes of the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Hospital Center – CHTMAD, EPE. We describe the symptoms of this consultation regarding the history of the disease and its control, including a sociodemographic description, lifestyles and health literacy, associated factors that may interfere in the diabetic child’s life and management, as well as clinical ones. One of the aspects that could be explored was the integration of patients in the school, in order to identify possible training needs of professionals in the schools where these children / adolescents are inserted. Children / adolescents in the present studydemonstrated salutogenic habits, new forms of instituted use and, although much feel safe and well in DM1, there are still situations of sadness, anger and insecurity. Because it was verified there is also an incomplete knowledge that the school community in the sample does not find detailed information about the disease, there is also no full knowledge of this public regarding DM1 control and therapeutic devices, such as the carbohydrate counting method. It’s urgent to reinforce the need for training in the school community increasing the literacy regarding this disease, so that the child / adolescent can feel integrated and safe. It is also important to have more studies in other geographic areas, so that it’s understand in a more holistic view the reality lived in different institutions.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 Criança/adolescente Nutrição Escola Educação Type 1 diabetes mellitus Child/adolescent Nutrition School Education