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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório descreve o que foi elaborado durante os quatro meses de estágio curricular na empresa Padrão Ortopédico, especializada no fabrico e comercialização de próteses e ortóteses, localizada no Porto, Portugal. O culminar deste projeto seria o desenvolvimento de um software capaz de recolher dados da marcha de pacientes amputados do membro inferior – especialmente, de transfemorais e transtibiais – e de analisar diferentes fatores, como os ângulos das articulações e as coordenadas de certos pontos anatómicos. A marcha é uma habilidade crucial. O ciclo de marcha compreende duas fases: a de apoio e a de balanço. As articulações que estão principalmente relacionadas são as da anca, do joelho e do tornozelo. Para o ser humano, existe uma relação entre os dados angulares destas articulações ao longo do ciclo de marcha, especialmente no plano sagital. A partir destes gráficos, é possível tirar conclusões acerca da qualidade da caminhada de cada indivíduo. Uma vez que a locomoção é um movimento de extrema importância, existem atualmente diversos sistemas para a sua avaliação. Esta pode ser feita visualmente, observando o paciente e dando um feedback imediato, mas também pode ser realizada utilizando sistemas objetivos, como técnicas baseadas em processamento de imagem. Os marcadores, como permitem definir certos pontos anatómicos, também são vastamente utilizados na área de captura de movimento. No caso de uma amputação do membro inferior, a marcha é comprometida, uma vez que existe a substituição deste por uma prótese, o que requer adaptação e esforço para readquirir a habilidade de locomoção. As amputações mais comuns do membro inferior são a transfemoral (acima do joelho) e a transtibial (abaixo do joelho) e os desvios posturais mais frequentes para quem apresenta estas amputações são: efeito vaulting, circundução, flexão lateral do tronco, flexão plantar abrupta, hiperextensão do joelho e elevação excessiva da anca. O software desenvolvido para obter dados sobre a marcha de amputados transfemorais e transtibiais, juntamente com a aplicação web de análise, alcançou êxito ao recolher com precisão as coordenadas de dezassete utilizadores e identificar a presença de até seis desvios de marcha. A comparação dos dados obtidos por este sistema com os do Qualisys no LABIOMEP foi de extrema importância para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo para a possibilidade de recolha de dados sem o uso de marcadores, por meio de técnicas de machine learning e estimação de pose, a fim de eliminar uma etapa do processo.
This report describes the work undertaken during the four-month internship at Padrão Ortopédico, a company specialized in the manufacturing and commercialization of prostheses and orthoses, located in Porto, Portugal. The culmination of this project aimed at developing a software capable of collecting gait data from lower limb amputee patients, specifically transfemoral and transtibial amputees, and analyzing various factors such as joint angles and coordinates of specific anatomical landmarks. The ability to walk is crucial in human life. The gait cycle consists of two phases: the stance phase and the swing phase. The joints primarily involved in this process are the hip, knee, and ankle joints. There is a relationship between the angular data of these joints throughout the gait cycle, especially in the sagittal plane. From these graphs, many conclusions can be drawn about the quality of an individual's walking pattern. As locomotion is of utmost importance, there are currently various systems for its evaluation. This can be done visually, by observing the patient and providing immediate feedback, but it can also be performed using objective systems such as image processing techniques. Markers are widely used in motion capture, as they allow the definition of specific anatomical points of interest. In the case of lower limb amputation, gait is significantly compromised due to the replacement of the limb with a prosthesis, which requires substantial adaptation and effort to regain the ability to walk. The most common types of lower limb amputations are transfemoral (above the knee) and transtibial (below the knee). There are several common postural deviations in individuals with these types of amputations, including the vaulting effect, circumduction, lateral trunk flexion, abrupt plantar flexion, knee hyperextension, and excessive hip lift. The software developed to obtain data of the gait of transfemoral and transtibial amputees, along with the web-based analysis application, successfully collected accurate coordinates from seventeen users and identified the presence of up to six gait deviations. The comparison of the data obtained by this system with the Qualisys data at LABIOMEP was crucial to ensure the reliability of the results. Furthermore, a study was conducted to explore the possibility of collecting data without the use of markers, using machine learning techniques and pose estimation, in order to eliminate a step in the procedure.
This report describes the work undertaken during the four-month internship at Padrão Ortopédico, a company specialized in the manufacturing and commercialization of prostheses and orthoses, located in Porto, Portugal. The culmination of this project aimed at developing a software capable of collecting gait data from lower limb amputee patients, specifically transfemoral and transtibial amputees, and analyzing various factors such as joint angles and coordinates of specific anatomical landmarks. The ability to walk is crucial in human life. The gait cycle consists of two phases: the stance phase and the swing phase. The joints primarily involved in this process are the hip, knee, and ankle joints. There is a relationship between the angular data of these joints throughout the gait cycle, especially in the sagittal plane. From these graphs, many conclusions can be drawn about the quality of an individual's walking pattern. As locomotion is of utmost importance, there are currently various systems for its evaluation. This can be done visually, by observing the patient and providing immediate feedback, but it can also be performed using objective systems such as image processing techniques. Markers are widely used in motion capture, as they allow the definition of specific anatomical points of interest. In the case of lower limb amputation, gait is significantly compromised due to the replacement of the limb with a prosthesis, which requires substantial adaptation and effort to regain the ability to walk. The most common types of lower limb amputations are transfemoral (above the knee) and transtibial (below the knee). There are several common postural deviations in individuals with these types of amputations, including the vaulting effect, circumduction, lateral trunk flexion, abrupt plantar flexion, knee hyperextension, and excessive hip lift. The software developed to obtain data of the gait of transfemoral and transtibial amputees, along with the web-based analysis application, successfully collected accurate coordinates from seventeen users and identified the presence of up to six gait deviations. The comparison of the data obtained by this system with the Qualisys data at LABIOMEP was crucial to ensure the reliability of the results. Furthermore, a study was conducted to explore the possibility of collecting data without the use of markers, using machine learning techniques and pose estimation, in order to eliminate a step in the procedure.
Description
Keywords
Amputação Próteses Membro inferior Marcha Desvios Amputation Prosthetics Lower limb Gait Deviations