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A call for CARE in animal behaviour: an holistic ethical research framework

2026-01-01Research article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorBadihi, Gal
dc.contributor.authorTaylor-O’Connor, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorDaly, Gabriela Bezerra de Melo
dc.contributor.authorKomeda, Viola
dc.contributor.authorDaoudi-Simison, Sophia
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Evelina D.
dc.contributor.authorWebster, Michael M.
dc.contributor.authorAltschul, Drew M.
dc.contributor.authorHobaiter, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorWiltshire, Charlotte
dc.contributor.authorKlein, Harmonie
dc.contributor.authorFreymann, Elodie
dc.contributor.authorGrund, Charlotte
dc.contributor.authorSoldati, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorHenderson, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorLeroux, Maël M.
dc.contributor.authorSlania, Nora E.
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-22T10:59:05Z
dc.date.available2025-12-22T10:59:05Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-01
dc.description.abstractDespite increasing awareness of animal welfare, there are vast discrepancies between legal protections and recommended practices for different species, in different countries and at different institutions. While many guidelines are now available, they often target specific research contexts or species, leaving a gap in comprehensiveethicaloversight across the entireresearchprocess.Withinanimalbehaviour research,thereis abias for consideringethicsduringonlythemethodologyanddesignphase.This oftenmeansonly the immediate impact onanimalsdirectly involved inthe researchis accountedfor. Conducting ethical researchshould extendbeyond ensuring animal welfare during data collection and include environmentally sustainable research practices, alongsidethe ethicaltreatmentofpeopleworkingwithinandalongsideanimalbehaviour research.Weoffer the Consult,Approve,ResearchandEvaluate(CARE)frameworktoimprovethescientific integrity,transparencyand ethical practices within the field of animal behaviour. CARE encourages researchers and academic bodies to (1) Consult existing (academic and traditional) knowledge on the study species, local human—animal interactions, their environment and previously implemented ethical practices and to reflect on personal experience and biases when approaching a study question; (2) seek Approval from relevant bodies (e.g. institutional ethics committees and local and government authorities) even when not mandatory; (3) uphold ethical standards while carrying out Research and (4) Evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of the specific study. Our framework is designed to distribute accountability at every level of the academic system, from individual researchers to their institutions, funding bodies and publishers. We pitch this framework as a ‘version 1.0’ to recognize the fast-evolving nature of ethical standards in animal behaviour research and to allow space for improvement. CARE provides a necessary infrastructure for addressing systemic biases and ensuring ethically sound, socially responsible and environmentally sustainable animal behaviour research.eng
dc.identifier.citationBadihi, G., Taylor-O’Connor, J., Daly, G. B. D. M., & Komeda, V. et al. (2026). A call for CARE in animal behaviour: an holistic ethical research framework. Animal Behaviour, 231, Article 123428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123428
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123428
dc.identifier.eid105024852878
dc.identifier.issn0003-3472
dc.identifier.other873212bd-be13-4cc6-a253-eb948eba1f97
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/56026
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectBiases
dc.subjectEthics
dc.subjectFramework
dc.subjectInclusion
dc.subjectSustainability
dc.titleA call for CARE in animal behaviour: an holistic ethical research frameworkeng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleAnimal Behaviour
oaire.citation.volume231
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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