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Atualmente vivemos num ambiente obesogénico. A obesidade constitui um dos principais problemas de saúde pública e representa um dos fatores de risco para a redução dos anos de vida saudáveis. Trata-se de uma patologia multifatorial, com vários fatores de risco associados. Assim, e de forma a contrariar a elevada prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade em Portugal, torna-se importante apostar na promoção de saúde e em estilos de vida saudáveis nos diferentes setores, e em particular, no local de trabalho. Reconhecendo a importância de uma alimentação equilibrada e adequada em ambiente laboral, alguns estudos têm vindo a ser conduzidos com o objetivo de demonstrar o impacto e as consequências da falta de hábitos alimentares saudáveis especificamente em trabalhadores por turnos, que muitas vezes se refletem em excesso de peso e/ou obesidade e outras doenças crónicas. Com a aposta na prevenção de doença a nível laboral, haverá também um aumento da produtividade das empresas pela melhoria generalizada da saúde dos seus trabalhadores, diminuição do absentismo, entre outros fatores. Assim, o presente trabalho pretendeu avaliar o estado nutricional e a qualidade da dieta de uma amostra de 690 trabalhadores de uma indústria de pasta e papel, em regime de trabalho por turnos e sem turnos e, por faixa etária, mais e menos de 60 anos. Em 2017, foi aplicado, mediante entrevista presencial, um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) semi-quantitativo, validado para a população Portuguesa, e foram recolhidos dados antropométricos (peso, altura, perímetro abdominal e percentagem de massa gorda), sociodemográficos (género, idade, habilitações literárias) e de saúde (hábitos tabágicos e prática de exercício físico) a 556 trabalhadores por turnos e 134 trabalhadores que não fazem turnos. O QFA permitiu avaliar a ingestão alimentar e nutricional e estudar a qualidade da dieta, mediante a pontuação do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta-2015 (IQD-2015) que avalia a adesão às recomendações para uma alimentação saudável da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que 66,8% dos trabalhadores tinham excesso de peso e obesidade e que 61,7% tinham uma baixa qualidade da dieta. No entanto, trabalhadores por turnos mostraram índice de massa corporal (26,7 kg/m2 vs. 25,7 kg/m2 , p = 0,034) e perímetro abdominal mais elevados (93,5 cm vs. 90,3 cm, p = 0,002) do que trabalhadores que não fazem turnos. Os trabalhadores por turnos revelaram, também, uma ingestão energética superior (2275,4 kcal vs. 1886,1 kcal, p < 0,001) à dos trabalhadores sem turnos, mas a qualidade da dieta entre ambos os grupos foi semelhante. A par destes resultados, concluiu-se também que a maior parte dos trabalhadores por turnos encontra-se na faixa etária abaixo dos 60 anos de idade. Verificou-se uma maior adesão ao IQD-2015 (p < 0,001) e um IMC superior (p < 0,001) nos indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Este estudo mostrou diferenças na composição corporal e em alguns marcadores da qualidade da dieta de trabalhadores dependendo do seu regime de turnos, evidenciando que é ii fundamental realizar atividades de promoção da saúde e de prevenção da doença com enfoque na nutrição em ambiente laboral. Estes resultados poderão servir de ponto de partida para o estabelecimento de novas investigações que permitam criar recomendações e intervenções específicas para este tipo de trabalhadores. Com a promoção da saúde no local de trabalho, é possível não só melhorar a saúde e bem-estar dos colaboradores, como também otimizar o seu desempenho e motivação.
Nowadays we live in an obesogenic environment. Obesity is one of the main public health issues and represents one of the risk factors to the loss of healthy life years. It is a multifactorial disease, with a variety of associated risk factors. Therefore, and in order to counteract the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Portuguese population, it is of utmost importance to focus on health improvement in everyday life, but particularly, at the workplace. Recognizing the importance of an adequate and balanced diet at the workplace, some studies have been conducted with the main objective of demonstrating the impact and consequences of poor healthy eating habits specifically in shift workers, which are often reflected in overweight or obesity and other chronic diseases. Focusing on disease prevention at work, there will be an increased productivity and reduced absence rates due to the general improvement of health indicators. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and diet quality of 690 day and shift workers and also to assess the same variables in the same group of workers, categorised according to age-groups (below and above 60 years old) of a pulp and paper industry. In 2017, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), validated for the Portuguese population, was applied to 556 shift workers and 134 day workers. Anthropometric measures were collected (weight, height, waist circumference and body fat mass), as well as demographic data (gender, age, education) and health data (physical activity and smoking habits). The FFQ allowed to study the dietary intake and the quality of the diet of the target sample, applying for the last, a recognized index, created for the propose of quality diet analysis to assess the fulfillment of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for healthy eating. Significantly differences between shift workers and day workers were observed. Day and shift workers revealed high prevalence of overweight and obesity (66.8%) and a low adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator-2015 (61.7%). However, shift workers had a body mass index (26.7 kg/m2 vs. 25.7 kg/m2 , p = 0.034) and waist circumference (93.5 cm vs. 90.3 cm, p=0.002) higher than day workers. Data confirmed that shift workers had, in general, a similar diet quality but higher energy intake than day workers (2275.4 vs. 1886.1, p < 0.001). Beyond these results, the majority of shift workers are under 60 years old. A higher diet quality and a higher BMI were observed in older adults (≥ 60 years old). This study revealed differences in body composition and diet quality of day and shift workers, highlighting the importance to carry out at the workplace, health promotion and disease prevention activities, specially focused on nutrition. These results might be a starting point both for the development of novel research and for the creation of specific nutritional strategies and guidelines for this working class. Consequently, there will be, not only illness prevention, but also increased productivity and reduced absence rates.
Nowadays we live in an obesogenic environment. Obesity is one of the main public health issues and represents one of the risk factors to the loss of healthy life years. It is a multifactorial disease, with a variety of associated risk factors. Therefore, and in order to counteract the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Portuguese population, it is of utmost importance to focus on health improvement in everyday life, but particularly, at the workplace. Recognizing the importance of an adequate and balanced diet at the workplace, some studies have been conducted with the main objective of demonstrating the impact and consequences of poor healthy eating habits specifically in shift workers, which are often reflected in overweight or obesity and other chronic diseases. Focusing on disease prevention at work, there will be an increased productivity and reduced absence rates due to the general improvement of health indicators. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and diet quality of 690 day and shift workers and also to assess the same variables in the same group of workers, categorised according to age-groups (below and above 60 years old) of a pulp and paper industry. In 2017, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), validated for the Portuguese population, was applied to 556 shift workers and 134 day workers. Anthropometric measures were collected (weight, height, waist circumference and body fat mass), as well as demographic data (gender, age, education) and health data (physical activity and smoking habits). The FFQ allowed to study the dietary intake and the quality of the diet of the target sample, applying for the last, a recognized index, created for the propose of quality diet analysis to assess the fulfillment of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for healthy eating. Significantly differences between shift workers and day workers were observed. Day and shift workers revealed high prevalence of overweight and obesity (66.8%) and a low adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator-2015 (61.7%). However, shift workers had a body mass index (26.7 kg/m2 vs. 25.7 kg/m2 , p = 0.034) and waist circumference (93.5 cm vs. 90.3 cm, p=0.002) higher than day workers. Data confirmed that shift workers had, in general, a similar diet quality but higher energy intake than day workers (2275.4 vs. 1886.1, p < 0.001). Beyond these results, the majority of shift workers are under 60 years old. A higher diet quality and a higher BMI were observed in older adults (≥ 60 years old). This study revealed differences in body composition and diet quality of day and shift workers, highlighting the importance to carry out at the workplace, health promotion and disease prevention activities, specially focused on nutrition. These results might be a starting point both for the development of novel research and for the creation of specific nutritional strategies and guidelines for this working class. Consequently, there will be, not only illness prevention, but also increased productivity and reduced absence rates.
Description
Keywords
Trabalho por turnos Excesso de peso Obesidade Qualidade da dieta Estado nutricional Shift work Overweight Obesity Healthy diet indicator Nutritional status