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A vã glória de legislar (o anteprojecto de lei de reforma da legislação laboral e a duração da contratação a termo)
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Resumo O presente ensaio propõe-se realizar uma problematização em torno de um dos aspectos objecto de alteração por via do Anteprojecto de Lei de reforma da legislação laboral aprovado a 24 de Julho de 2025 pelo Governo, em sede de Conselho Ministros. Assim, de entre as várias matérias, elege-se a referente à contratação a termo, especificamente no tocante à duração de tais contratos, porquanto o potencial lesivo das alterações a empreender, sob o ponto de vista social e económico, o justifica. Procurando não perder de vista a génese humanista do ramo jurídico-laboral, de igual forma visível na matiz de direito fundamental que a própria Constituição da República Portuguesa confere a alguns dos seus regimes, traça-se um paralelismo entre o aumento dos prazos legais máximos de duração dos contratos a termo e a tendência para o aumento da precariedade entre a classe trabalhadora num tempo em que, paradoxalmente, se avaliam ainda os primeiros sinais positivos de opções políticas que pretenderam encabeçar-se no seu combate. Por conseguinte, a procura de uma ideia de justiça social por via da acção de um Estado cuja Constituição lhe impõe uma matriz Social e assim lhe atribui a tarefa de, através do seu impulso legal, alimentar esse desígnio, contende com a opção agora na ordem do dia. A ameaça que constitui nesse campo, assim como o seu virtual carácter ofensivo enquanto norma violadora de preceitos constitucionais, justifica que se repise o carácter excepcional de todo o regime da contratação a termo, salientando-se a incongruência de tal consideração à vista da alteração que se pretende empreender em sede legislativa.
This essay aims to problematize one of the aspects subject to alteration by the Draft Law on labor law reform approved on July 24, 2025, by the Government, in the Council of Ministers. Thus, from among the various topics, the one concerning fixed-term contracts is chosen, specifically regarding the duration of such contracts, since the potentially harmful effects of the changes to be undertaken, from a social and economic point of view, justify it. Seeking not to lose sight of the humanist genesis of the labor law branch, equally visible in the fundamental right aspect that the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic itself confers on some of its regimes, a parallel is drawn between the increase in the maximum legal duration of fixed-term contracts and the tendency towards increased precariousness among the working class at a time when, paradoxically, the first positive signs of political options that sought to lead the fight against it. Therefore, the pursuit of an idea of social justice through the action of a State whose Constitution imposes a social matrix upon it, thus assigning it the task of, through its legal impetus, nurturing this design, conflicts with the option now on the agenda. The threat it poses in this field, as well as its potentially offensive nature as a norm violating constitutional precepts, justifies reiterating the exceptional nature of the entire fixed-term contract regime, highlighting the incongruity of such consideration considering the legislative change that is intended to be undertaken.
This essay aims to problematize one of the aspects subject to alteration by the Draft Law on labor law reform approved on July 24, 2025, by the Government, in the Council of Ministers. Thus, from among the various topics, the one concerning fixed-term contracts is chosen, specifically regarding the duration of such contracts, since the potentially harmful effects of the changes to be undertaken, from a social and economic point of view, justify it. Seeking not to lose sight of the humanist genesis of the labor law branch, equally visible in the fundamental right aspect that the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic itself confers on some of its regimes, a parallel is drawn between the increase in the maximum legal duration of fixed-term contracts and the tendency towards increased precariousness among the working class at a time when, paradoxically, the first positive signs of political options that sought to lead the fight against it. Therefore, the pursuit of an idea of social justice through the action of a State whose Constitution imposes a social matrix upon it, thus assigning it the task of, through its legal impetus, nurturing this design, conflicts with the option now on the agenda. The threat it poses in this field, as well as its potentially offensive nature as a norm violating constitutional precepts, justifies reiterating the exceptional nature of the entire fixed-term contract regime, highlighting the incongruity of such consideration considering the legislative change that is intended to be undertaken.
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Palavras-chave
Reforma laboral Contratação a termo Estado social Direitos fundamentais Justiça social Labor reform Fixed-term contracts Welfare state Fundamental rights Social justice
Contexto Educativo
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Universidade Católica Portuguesa