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Este artigo trata do dever jurídico-penal de esclarecimento médico que constitui condição do consentimento informado do doente e de legitimidade da intervenção médica, e dos limites a que se encontra sujeito. De acordo com o artigo 157º do Código Penal, o esclarecimento deve abranger o diagnóstico e a índole, o alcance, a envergadura e possíveis consequências da intervenção ou do tratamento, salvo se isso implicar a comunicação de circunstâncias que, a serem conhecidas pelo paciente, poriam em perigo a sua vida ou seriam susceptíveis de lhe causar grave dano à saúde, física ou psíquica. Este regime não permite ao médico a ponderação dos danos que a informação possa vir a causar ao doente em certos casos, o que coloca a dúvida sobre se pode deixar de informar o doente de um diagnóstico de doença grave ou incurável ou de um prognóstico de vida limitado, sempre que ele revele uma extrema vulnerabilidade e dificuldade em lidar com a morte. A resposta a esta questão obriga a definir o âmbito normativo do artigo 156º do Código Penal, e a concretizar a exigência de proporcionalidade imposta pelo legislador como limite ao dever de informar.
Object of this paper is the content of the medical duty of disclosure enshrined in article 157º of the Criminal Code, as a condition for informed consent and for the legitimacy of the medical intervention, and its exceptions. According to this article, the patient has the right to be informed about the diagnosis and the nature, the extent, the scale and possible consequences of the intervention or the treatment, except if this involves the communication of circumstances which, being known by the patient, would endanger his life or would be able of causing great damage to his physical or psychological health. In regard to this legal regime it is debatable the relevance of the vulnerability of the patient and his fear of death as exceptions to the duty of disclosure in cases of diagnosis of serious or incurable illness, or prognosis of limited life expectancy. This question must be seen within the broader context of the discussion about the content and the limits of the criminal protection of the patient autonomy, and in the light of the significance of the proportionality principle as justification.
Object of this paper is the content of the medical duty of disclosure enshrined in article 157º of the Criminal Code, as a condition for informed consent and for the legitimacy of the medical intervention, and its exceptions. According to this article, the patient has the right to be informed about the diagnosis and the nature, the extent, the scale and possible consequences of the intervention or the treatment, except if this involves the communication of circumstances which, being known by the patient, would endanger his life or would be able of causing great damage to his physical or psychological health. In regard to this legal regime it is debatable the relevance of the vulnerability of the patient and his fear of death as exceptions to the duty of disclosure in cases of diagnosis of serious or incurable illness, or prognosis of limited life expectancy. This question must be seen within the broader context of the discussion about the content and the limits of the criminal protection of the patient autonomy, and in the light of the significance of the proportionality principle as justification.
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Dever de esclarecimento Autonomia do doente Intervenções médicas arbitrárias Privilégio terapêutico Princípio da proporcionalidade