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Measuring compulsive texting: psychometric properties of the CTS in a Portuguese sample

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Introduction: Compulsive texting refers to persistent and excessive texting behaviors that interfere with daily functioning and are often conceptualized within problematic mobile phone use. Valid instruments are needed to assess this construct in different cultural contexts. Aim: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Compulsive Texting Scale (CTS) in a Portuguese adult sample. Method: Factorial validity was tested through confirmatory factor analysis using the DWLS estimator. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated using average variance extracted and inter-factor correlations. Measurement invariance across sex and schooling was examined through multi-group CFA with robust maximum likelihood estimation. Results: The CTS demonstrated a three-factor structure with good model fit and strong item loadings. Reliability indices were acceptable to strong across factors. Convergent validity was supported, although discriminant validity between Interference Tasks and Cognitive Preoccupation was limited. Measurement invariance was confirmed across sex and partially supported across schooling levels. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the CTS is a generally reliable and valid measure for assessing compulsive texting in Portuguese adults. Some subscales, particularly Concealment, may benefit from refinement. Future research should further strengthen discriminant validity and explore cultural considerations in compulsive texting assessment.

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Compulsive texting Compulsive texting scale Psychological assessment Validation

Contexto Educativo

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Universitatea din Oradea

Licença CC

Sem licença CC