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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução/ enquadramento/ objetivos
O ruido é um fator de risco laboral extensivamente abordado na bibliografia da Saúde Ocupacional; contudo, tradicionalmente é dada enfase às consequências fisiopatológicas do mesmo, descurando, por vezes, explicações mais detalhadas relativas aos equipamentos de proteção individual e, sobretudo, medidas de proteção coletiva.
Metodologia
Trata-se de uma Scoping Review, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em setembro de 2019 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, SCOPUS e RCAAP”.
Conteúdo
Existem diversas medidas de proteção coletiva (a nível de estruturação/ desenho do espaço de trabalho e utilização de diversos materiais/ dispositivos) que têm capacidade para atenuar a exposição ao ruido.
Quando se ultrapassa o valor de exposição inferior (80 decibéis) o empregador deve fornecer a proteção auricular; se se atingir ou superar o valor de exposição superior (85 decibéis) o seu uso é exigido (após potenciação prévia das medidas de proteção coletiva). Contudo, os trabalhadores e os seus representantes têm de ser consultados para a escolha do modelo. Para selecionar este último dever-se-á levar em conta a existência de certificação CE (Comunidade Europeia), atenuação adequada, compatibilidade com as tarefas e outros equipamentos de proteção, usados simultaneamente; bem como condição física do trabalhador, aceitabilidade e comodidade que este gerará. A eficácia destes dependerá do tempo de utilização, uso correto, forma/ dimensão, ajustabilidade ao pavilhão auricular, pressão efetuada (na cabeça e/ ou pavilhão auricular), resistência a temperaturas extremas e material.
Conclusões
Os profissionais a exercer nas equipas de saúde ocupacional necessitam frequentemente de informação atualizada sobre medidas de proteção individual e coletiva para atenuar os efeitos do ruído em meio laboral. A bibliografia (em bases de dados indexadas) sobre estas duas temáticas não é muito abundante e/ ou de fácil acesso. No entanto, essas medidas, bem utilizadas, conseguem atenuar o ruído, promovendo um posto de trabalho mais seguro e saudável.
Seria pertinente que equipas de Saúde Ocupacional a exercer em clientes com diversos patamares de ruido, investigassem quais destas técnicas se adequam melhor a cada situação e de que forma os funcionários aderem melhor ao processo e executam a sua parte de forma mais eficaz.
Introduction / framework / objectives Noise is an occupational risk factor extensively addressed in the Occupational Health literature. However, its pathophysiological consequences have traditionally been emphasized, sometimes neglecting more detailed explanations concerning personal protective equipment and collective protective measures. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 search of the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, SCOPUS and RCAAP.” Content There are several collective protection measures (at the workspace structure/ design and use of various materials/ devices) that are able to attenuate noise exposure. When exceeding the lower exposure value (80 decibels) the employer must provide hearing protection; if the upper exposure value (85 decibels) is reached or exceeded its use is required (after prior enhancement of collective protective measures). However, workers and their representatives have to be consulted to choose the model. In selecting the latter, account should be taken of European Community certification, appropriate attenuation, compatibility with tasks and other protective equipment used simultaneously; as well as the physical condition of the worker, acceptability and comfort that it will generate. The effectiveness of these will depend on time of use, correct utilization, shape/ size, fit to the ear, pressure (head and/ or ear), resistance to extreme temperatures and material. Conclusions Occupational health team professionals generally need up-to-date information on individual and collective protection measures to mitigate the effects of noise in the workplace. The bibliography (in indexed databases) on these two themes is not very abundant and / or easily accessible. However, these measures, well used, can attenuate noise, promoting safer and healthier work. It would be pertinent for Occupational Health teams who deal with clients with different noise levels, to investigate which of these techniques are most appropriate to each situation and how employees adhere better to the process and perform their part more effectively.
Introduction / framework / objectives Noise is an occupational risk factor extensively addressed in the Occupational Health literature. However, its pathophysiological consequences have traditionally been emphasized, sometimes neglecting more detailed explanations concerning personal protective equipment and collective protective measures. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 search of the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, SCOPUS and RCAAP.” Content There are several collective protection measures (at the workspace structure/ design and use of various materials/ devices) that are able to attenuate noise exposure. When exceeding the lower exposure value (80 decibels) the employer must provide hearing protection; if the upper exposure value (85 decibels) is reached or exceeded its use is required (after prior enhancement of collective protective measures). However, workers and their representatives have to be consulted to choose the model. In selecting the latter, account should be taken of European Community certification, appropriate attenuation, compatibility with tasks and other protective equipment used simultaneously; as well as the physical condition of the worker, acceptability and comfort that it will generate. The effectiveness of these will depend on time of use, correct utilization, shape/ size, fit to the ear, pressure (head and/ or ear), resistance to extreme temperatures and material. Conclusions Occupational health team professionals generally need up-to-date information on individual and collective protection measures to mitigate the effects of noise in the workplace. The bibliography (in indexed databases) on these two themes is not very abundant and / or easily accessible. However, these measures, well used, can attenuate noise, promoting safer and healthier work. It would be pertinent for Occupational Health teams who deal with clients with different noise levels, to investigate which of these techniques are most appropriate to each situation and how employees adhere better to the process and perform their part more effectively.
Description
Keywords
Ruido, Medidas de proteção coletiva Medidas de proteção individual Equipamentos de proteção individual Saúde ocupacional Medicina do trabalho Noise Collective protective measures Personal protective measures Personal protective equipment Occupational health Occupational medicine
Citation
Santos M, Almeida A, Lopes C, Oliveira T. (2020) Ruído: Medidas de Proteção Coletivas e Individuais. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional on line. 2020, volume 9, S82-90. DOI:10.31252/RPSO.18.04.2020
Publisher
RPSO