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- Psychometric properties and correlates of precarious manhood beliefs in 62 nationsPublication . Bosson, Jennifer K.; Jurek, Paweł; Vandello, Joseph A.; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Olech, Michał; Besta, Tomasz; Bender, Michael; Hoorens, Vera; Becker, Maja; Sevincer, A. Timur; Best, Deborah L.; Dandy, Justine; Lemus, Soledad de; Dhakal, Sandesh; Dvorianchikov, Nikolay; Egami, Sonoko; Etchezahar, Edgardo; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Felix, Neto; Froehlich, Laura; Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain; Moscatelli, Silvia; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gomez, Ángel; Guizzo, Francesca; Graf, Sylvie; Greijdanus, Hedy; Grigoryan, Ani; Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna; Guerch, Keltouma; Sendén, Marie Gustafsson; Moynihan, Andrew Bryan; Hale, Miriam Linnea; Hämer, Hannah; Hirai, Mika; Duc, Lam Hoang; Hřebíčková, Martina; Hutchings, Paul B.; Jensen, Dorthe Høj; Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga; Karabati, Serdar; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Muller, Dominique; Kengyel, Gabriella; Khachatryan, Narine; Ghazzawi, Rawan; Kinahan, Mary; Kirby, Teri A.; Kovács, Monika; Kozlowski, Desiree; Krivoshchekov, Vladislav; Kulich, Clara; Kurosawa, Tai; Narhetali, Erita; An, Nhan Thi Lac; Labarthe, Javier; Latu, Ioana; Lauri, Mary Anne; Mankowski, Eric; Lawal, Abiodun Musbau; Li, Junyi; Lindner, Jana; Lindqvist, Anna; Maitner, Angela T.; Neto, Félix; Makarova, Elena; Makashvili, Ana; Malayeri, Shera; Malik, Sadia; Mancini, Tiziana; Manzi, Claudia; Mari, Silvia; Martiny, Sarah E.; Mayer, Claude Hélène; Mihić, Vladimir; Noels, Kimberly A.; Đorđević, Jasna Milošević; Moreno-Bella, Eva; Nyúl, Boglárka; O’Connor, Emma C.; Ochoa, Danielle P.; Ohno, Sachiko; Safdar, Saba; Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju; Osborne, Randall; Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina; Palacio, Jorge; Patnaik, Snigdha; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; León, Pablo Pérez de; Piterová, Ivana; Porto, Juliana Barreiros; Puzio, Angelica; Włodarczyk, Anna; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Pérez, Erico Rentería; Renström, Emma; Rousseaux, Tiphaine; Ryan, Michelle K.; Sainz, Mario; Salvati, Marco; Samekin, Adil; Schindler, Simon; Seydi, Masoumeh; Zawisza, Magdalena; Shepherd, Debra; Sherbaji, Sara; Schmader, Toni; Simão, Cláudia; Sobhie, Rosita; Souza, Lucille De; Sarter, Emma; Sulejmanović, Dijana; Sullivan, Katie E.; Tatsumi, Mariko; Żadkowska, Magdalena; Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy; Thakur, Suparna Jain; Chi, Quang Thi Mong; Torre, Beatriz; Torres, Ana; Torres, Claudio V.; Türkoğlu, Beril; Ungaretti, Joaquín; Valshtein, Timothy; Laar, Colette Van; Abuhamdeh, Sami; Noll, Jolanda van der; Vasiutynskyi, Vadym; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Venäläinen, Satu; Vohra, Neharika; Walentynowicz, Marta; Ward, Colleen; Yang, Yaping; Yzerbyt, Vincent; Zanello, Valeska; Agyemang, Collins Badu; Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila; Žukauskienė, Rita; Akbaş, Gülçin; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Ammirati, Soline; Anderson, Joel; Anjum, Gulnaz; Ariyanto, Amarina; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Ashraf, Mujeeba; Bakaitytė, Aisté; Bertolli, Chiara; Bërxulli, Dashamir; Bi, Chongzeng; Block, Katharina; Boehnke, Mandy; Bongiorno, Renata; Bosak, Janine; Casini, Annalisa; Chen, Qingwei; Chi, Peilian; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Daalmans, SerenaPrecarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.