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- Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratiosPublication . Walter, Kathryn V.; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Buss, David M.; Asao, Kelly; Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Sorokowski, Piotr; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Salkičević, Svjetlana; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sarmány-Schuller, Ivan; Schmehl, Susanne; Sharad, Shivantika; Siddiqui, Razi Sultan; Simonetti, Franco; Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova; Tadinac, Meri; Varella, Marco Antonio Correa; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Vega, Luis Diego; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zaťková, Marta Marta; Zupančič, Maja; Anjum, Afifa; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamtürk; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Cantarero, Katarzyna; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Croy, Ilona; Cueto, Rosa María; Czub, Marcin; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustín; Estevan, Ignacio; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Fang, Luxi; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Garduño, Jorge Contreras; González, Karina Ugalde; Guemaz, Farida; Gyuris, Petra; Halamová, Mária; Herak, Iskra; Horvat, Marina; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin Ming; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavčič, Tina; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Kervyn, Nicolas; Ha, Truong Thi Khanh; Khilji, Imran Ahmed; Köbis, Nils C.; Lan, Hoang Moc; Láng, András; Lennard, Georgina R.; León, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Linh, Trinh Thi; Lopez, Giulia; Luot, Nguyen Van; Mailhos, Alvaro; Manesi, Zoi; Martinez, Rocio; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Meskó, Norbert; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garófano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Niemczyk, Agnieszka; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian; Onyishi, Ike E.; Özener, Baris; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pazhoohi, Farid; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Ponciano, Edna; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Sainz, MarioA wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries (n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.
- Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: a forty-nine country studyPublication . Krys, Kuba; Yeung, June Chun; Capaldi, Colin A.; Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Torres, Claudio; Tilburg, Wijnand A. P. van; Bond, Michael Harris; Zelenski, John M.; Haas, Brian W.; Park, Joonha; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Zych, Agata; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Adamovic, Mladen; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Fulop, Marta; Sirlopu, David; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Boer, Diana; Teyssier, Julien; Malyonova, Arina; Gavreliuc, Alin; Uchida, Yukiko; Serdarevich, Ursula; Akotia, Charity; Appoh, Lily; Mira, D. M. Arevalo; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Dominguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Garoarsdottir, Ragna B.; Igbokwe, David O.; Igou, Eric R.; Isik, Idil; Kascakova, Natalia; Kracmarova, Lucie Kluzova; Kronberger, Nicole; Lee, J. Hannah; Liu, Xinhui; Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo; Mohoric, Tamara; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Mosca, Oriana; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Osch, Yvette van; Pavlovic, Zoran; Solcova, Iva Polackova; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Roysamb, Espen; Sargautyte, Ruta; Schwarz, Beate; Selecka, Lenka; Selim, Heyla A.; Stogianni, Maria; Sun, Chien-Ru; Xing, Cai; Vignoles, Vivian L.In this paper, we introduce the concept of 'societal emotional environment': the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a 'double-edged sword' model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others.
- Testing the underlying structure of unfounded beliefs about COVID-19 around the worldPublication . Brzóska, Paweł; Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena; Piotrowski, Jarosław; Nowak, Bartłomiej; Jonason, Peter K.; Sedikides, Constantine; Adamovic, Mladen; Atitsogbe, Kokou A.; Ahmed, Oli; Azam, Uzma; Bălțătescu, Sergiu; Bochaver, Konstantin; Bolatov, Aidos; Bonato, Mario; Counted, Victor; Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin; Ramos-Diaz, Jano; Dragova-Koleva, Sonya; Eldesoki, Walaa Labib M.; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gouveia, Valdiney V.; Perez de Leon, Pablo; Iliško, Dzintra; Datu, Jesus Alfonso D.; Jia, Fanli; Jovanović, Veljko; Jukić, Tomislav; Khachatryan, Narine; Kovacs, Monika; Lifshin, Uri; Larzabal Fernandez, Aitor; Liik, Kadi; Malik, Sadia; Moon, Chanki; Muehlbacher, Stephan; Najafi, Reza; Oruç, Emre; Park, Joonha; Šolcová, Iva Poláčková; Ardi, Rahkman; Ridic, Ognjen; Ridic, Goran; Said, Yadgar Ismail; Starc, Andrej; Stefenel, Delia; Trà, Kiều Thị Thanh; Tiliouine, Habib; Tomšik, Robert; Torres-Marin, Jorge; Umeh, Charles S.; Wills-Herrera, Eduardo; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Vally, Zahir; Yahiiaiev, IlliaUnfounded—conspiracy and health—beliefs about COVID-19 have accompanied the pandemic worldwide. Here, we examined cross-nationally the structure and correlates of these beliefs with an 8-item scale, using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. We obtained a two-factor model of unfounded (conspiracy and health) beliefs with good internal structure (average CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04), but a high correlation between the two factors (average latent factor correlation = 0.57). This model was replicable across 50 countries (total N = 13,579), as evidenced by metric invariance between countries (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMS = 0.07) as well as scalar invariance across genders (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03) and educational levels (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03). Also, lower levels of education, more fear of COVID-19, and more cynicism were weakly associated with stronger conspiracy and health beliefs. The study contributes to knowledge about the structure of unfounded beliefs, and reveals the potential relevance of affective (i.e., fear of COVID-19) and cognitive (i.e., cynicism) factors along with demographics, in endorsing such beliefs. In summary, we obtained cross-cultural evidence for the distinctiveness of unfounded conspiracy and health beliefs about COVID-19 in terms of their structure and correlates.