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- Immune responses and gut morphology of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) fed monospecies and multispecies probioticsPublication . Batista, S.; Ramos, M. A.; Cunha, S.; Barros, Rui; Cristóvão, B.; Rema, P.; Pires, M. A.; Valente, L. M. P.; Ozório, R. O. A.The current study aimed to determine the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on growth, gut morphology and non-specific immune parameters in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles during a 1-month trial. Fish were fed for 1-month two diets with 1.0 or 4.6 × 106 CFU kg−1) of probiotic A (Bacillus sp., Pediococcus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp.) and two diets with 3.5 or 8.6 × 105 CFU kg−1 of probiotic B (Pediococcus acidilactici) and tested against an unsupplemented diet (control). Growth performance, as well as respiratory burst activity, nitric oxide (NO), alternative complement pathway (ACH50), lysozyme and peroxidase activities, was not affected by the dietary treatments. Probiotic supplementation tended to increased growth homogeneity between tanks having diet A1 the best possible alternative to decrease costs associated to size grading. Villous length and number of goblet cells of the anterior intestine did not vary among treatments. Muscle duodenal layer was significantly thicker in fish fed probiotic A compared to probiotic B, when included at the lowest level (A2 versus B2). The current study indicate that the use of the multispecies probiotic at 1.0 × 106 CFU kg−1 might enhance protection against pathogen outbreak and increase nutrient absorption, whereas at the highest concentration could reduced size dispersion among tanks.
- Development of oral strips containing chitosan as active ingredient: a product for buccal healthPublication . Cardelle-Cobas, Alejandra; Madureira, Ana Raquel; Costa, Eduardo; Barros, Rui; Tavaria, Freni K.; Pintado, Manuela E.In the last years, the number of products for oral care has been expanded to adapt to consumer needs. Thus, in addition to conventional products, new pocket products such as sugar-free chewing gums and oral strips (OS) have been developed for oral care. In the present study, OS were formulated using chitosan as the film-forming polymer in adequate concentrations to also be used as antimicrobial agent. Other strip components, such as the type of plasticizer, were also optimized. Mechanical properties of the optimal OS were evaluated and, due to chitosan's characteristic astringency, the strips were also sensorially evaluated.
- Bacterial diversity and probiotic activity in sole aquaculturePublication . Cunha, Sofia; Carvalho, Ana; Barros, Rui; Gomes, Ana; Manaia, C. M.