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- Vamos responsabilizar os “jovens aldeões”Publication . Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia
- When our hearts beat together: cardiac synchrony as an entry point to understand dyadic co‐regulation in couplesPublication . Coutinho, Joana; Pereira, Alfredo; Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia; Meier, Deborah; Lourenço, Vladimiro; Tschacher, WolfgangThe degree to which romantic partners' autonomic responses are coordinated, represented by their pattern of physiological synchrony, seems to capture important aspects of the reciprocal influence and co‐regulation between spouses. In this study, we analyzed couple's cardiac synchrony as measured by heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). A sample of 27 couples (N = 54) performed a structured interaction task in the lab where they discussed positive and negative aspects of the relationship. During the interaction, their cardiac measures (HR and HRV) were recorded using the BIOPAC System. Additional assessment, prior to the lab interaction task, included self‐report measures of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples) and relationship satisfaction (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Synchrony computation was based on the windowed cross‐correlation of both partner's HR and HRV time series. In order to control for random synchrony, surrogate controls were created using segment‐wise shuffling. Our results confirmed the presence of cardiac synchrony during the couple's interaction when compared to surrogate testing. Specifically, we found evidence for negative (antiphase) synchrony of couple's HRV and positive (in‐phase) synchrony of HR. Further, both HRV and HR synchronies were associated with several dimensions of self‐report data. This study suggests that cardiac synchrony, particularly, the direction of the covariation in the partners' physiological time series, may have an important relational meaning in the context of marital interactions.
- Changes in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the selfPublication . Esménio, Sofia; Soares, José Miguel; Oliveira-Silva, P.; Gonçalves, Óscar F.; Friston, Karl; Coutinho, Joana FernandesPrevious research showed that the ability to make inferences about our own and other’s mental states rely on common brain pathways; particularly in the case of close relationships (e.g., romantic relationships). Despite the evidence for shared neura representations of self and others, less is known about the distributed processing within these common neural networks, particularly whether there are specific patterns of internode communication when focusing on other vs. self. This study aimed to characterize context-sensitive coupling among social brain regions involved in self and other understanding. Participants underwent an fMRI while watching emotional video vignettes of their romantic partner and elaborated on their partner’s (other-condition) or on their own experience (self-condition). We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to quantify the associated changes in effective connectivity (EC) in a network of brain regions involved in social cognition including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), the posterior cingulate (PCC)/precuneus and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). DCM revealed that: the PCC plays a central coordination role within this network, the bilateral MTG receives driving inputs from other nodes suggesting that social information is first processed in language comprehension regions; the right TPJ evidenced a selective increase in its sensitivity when focusing on the other’s experience, relative to focusing on oneself.
- Da biotecnologia à psicologia: protocolo neuropsicofisiológico para avaliar filmes orais com cafeínaPublication . Batista, Patrícia; Fernandes, Eugénia; Ribeiro, Fabiana; Moreno, Ana; Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia; Pintado, ManuelaIntrodução: Os filmes orais são novos dispositivos de administração oral utilizados para entrega de drogas/fármacos que capturaram o interesse da indústria farmacêutica e de alimentos nos últimos anos. Estes filmes têm alcançado muita popularidade devido às várias vantagens, tais como, a conveniência da administração (dosagem, transporte, textura, a não utilização de água para a administração, etc.) e à sua disponibilidade em vários tamanhos e formatos quando comparados às formulações orais convencionais. Apesar da investigação existente, de estudos de caracterização, estudos in vitro e alguns estudos farmacocinético, pouco se conhece sobre o efeito psicofisiológico destes filmes. Neste sentido, foi objecto de estudo o desenvolvimento de um protocolo para avaliação neuropsicofisiológica. Métodos: Após uma revisão da literatura de 298 publicações científicas, apenas 6 obdeceram aos critérios de inclusão no estudo. Resultados: A análise aprofundada da literatura permitiu conhecer a escassez de estudos nesta área e possibilitou o delinear de um protocolo, baseado na avaliação de medidas psicofisiológicas, com vantagens inerentes (oportunidade de realizar uma avaliação mais direta, objetiva e não invasiva; não se restringe apenas ao autorrelato e apresenta resultados precisos em tempo real). Discussão: Deste modo, pretende-se colmatar a lacuna existente nesta área – falta de avaliação neuropsicofisiológicas – potenciando eficácia de utilização destes filmes.
- Disentangling motivation within instrumental music learning: a systematic reviewPublication . Oliveira, António; Ribeiro, Fabiana Silva; Ribeiro, Luísa Mota; McPherson, Gary; Oliveira-Silva, PatríciaMotivation is a crucial aspect of learning, particularly in the field of music. For decades, motivation for learning music has been a much-discussed subject, and yet its influence still remains a convoluted issue. This study systematically analyses peer-reviewed English language studies, according to PRISMA guidelines, in order to understand how children’s and adolescents’ motivation to learn a musical instrument has been studied, the theories that have been adopted to frame this research, the types of quantitative instruments that have been designed or adopted within the research designs, and the types of findings that have documented. A search on Web of Science, Education Resources Information Center, and Scopus was conducted, using the following terms: music, instrument, learn, education, study, and motivation. The initial search identified 447 studies. Twenty of these met the inclusion criteria for investigating any music-related aspect of motivation that was based on the analysis of quantitative data. Results show a limited number of studies that have explored children’s motivation in the context of learning a musical instrument and report a special focus on the central role of parents and social background. Implications of these results for music education and the adequacy of questionnaires to children are discussed.
- A arte do Ensino e o ensino da ArtePublication . Oliveira, António; Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia
- Musical achievement during a lockdown: the parental support miraclePublication . Oliveira, António; McPherson, Gary; Ribeiro, Luísa Mota; Oliveira-Silva, PatríciaThe quality of parental support is recognized as a crucial factor in the early stages of a student’s development, and particularly in instrumental music education. At the start of 2020, the outbreak of a global pandemic crisis posed new and unprecedented challenges to education, forcing families to stay at home to prevent contagion. This investigation was conducted during the period of a COVID pandemic lockdown in Portugal. We explored whether parental support, provided during the lockdown period, was associated with their child’s achievement as reported by their instrumental music teacher. For this study, 39 parent–teacher dyads of first-grade students of an instrument music course were recruited from two public music conservatories. Parents supplied information on the frequency in which they provided student-support-related attitudes and actions in the home context. Simultaneously, teachers provided information about the student’s achievement during the lockdown compared with the previous in-person performance period. Results indicate a strong relationship between parental support and musical achievement, with students who received higher levels of supportive parental involvement performing better than before the pandemic crisis. The findings are discussed in relation to the importance of parental involvement in a child’s instrumental music education.