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- Digital platform-based ecosystems: the evolution of collaboration and competition between incumbent producers and entrant platformsPublication . Cozzolino, Alessio; Corbo, Leonardo; Aversa, PaoloThe rise of the Internet has seen traditional incumbent producers challenged by competition from digital entrant platforms. It is unclear, however, how those two types of actors—which are in competition but also mutually dependent—can co-exist in the new platform-based ecosystem. This paper sheds light on that pivotal phenomenon by connecting the traditional literature on incumbent adaptation with the growing conversation on digital platform-based ecosystems. Through a qualitative longitudinal (2005–2019) study of the global digital advertising ecosystem, we examine how incumbent producers pivot between competitive and cooperative strategies in response to digital entrant platforms. Our analysis reveals a process characterized by three sequential phases: (1) selective cooperation, (2) allied competition, and (3) selective coopetition. Those phases show how switching between different multi-level strategies spanning market segments, products, and technological components represents a viable solution for incumbent producers adapting in the face of entrant platforms.
- Business model adaptation in response to an exogenous shock: an empirical analysis of the Portuguese footwear industryPublication . Corbo, Leonardo; Pirolo, Luca; Rodrigues, VascoBusiness models have received increasing attention in both academic and managerial communities. However, little attention has been paid to how business models change in response to extreme events. This topic is of critical importance since failure to achieve adaptation in a timely manner can lead to negative consequences such as a significant decrease in firm value or bankruptcy. This study explores how the business model paradigm of the Portuguese footwear industry changed following China’s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The empirical results suggest that the shock acted as a trigger for change for the Portuguese footwear firms which reflected in the adoption of a new business model characterized by speed and flexibility in the manufacturing process, faster response to customer needs and, in specific cases, in downward integration through the creation of own brands selling directly to final consumers. This result, however, was not the outcome of a sudden change but rather the consequence of a planned adaptation strategy led by a key industry actor that acted as a network orchestrator coordinating the actions of the Portuguese footwear firms. The implications of these findings as well as directions for future research are discussed in the last part of this study.
- In search of business model configurations that work: lessons from the hybridization of Air Berlin and JetBluePublication . Corbo, LeonardoThis paper examines the rise of a distinct alternative to the traditional business model dichotomy between low-cost and full-service carriers (i.e. the hybrid business model) and questions its viability as an alternative for growth and profitability. Using a comparative assessment of business model innovation practices of two well-reputed carriers, Air Berlin and JetBlue, the paper highlights the importance of taking into account several components of a business model when deciding to experiment with it as these choices have important implications for an airline's performance. Our results suggest that, following the transition from a no-frills to a hybrid business model, a misalignment between the value proposition and the other elements of the business model will hinder an airline's ability to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.