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- Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globePublication . Doesum, Niels J. van; Murphy, Ryan O.; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov-Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Au, Wing Tung; Bai, Liying; Böhm, Robert; Bovina, Inna; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gächter, Simon; Garcia, Camilo; González, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Guimond, Serge; Hrebíčková, Martina; Immer-Bernold, Elizabeth; Joireman, Jeff; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kawakami, Kerry; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kuhlman, D. Michael; Kyrtsis, Alexandros Andreas; Lay, Siugmin; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Moták, Ladislav; Netedu, Adrian; Pammi, Chandrasekhar; Platow, Michael J.; Raczka-Winkler, Karolina; Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders; Reyna, Cecilia; Romano, Angelo; Shalvi, Shaul; Simão, Cláudia; Stivers, Adam W.; Strimling, Pontus; Tsirbas, Yannis; Utz, Sonja; Meij, Leander van der; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; Lange, Paul A. M. vanHumans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
- Keeping in touch with context: non-verbal behavior as a manifestation of communality and dominancePublication . Sekerdej, Maciej; Simão, Cláudia; Waldzus, Sven; Brito, RodrigoThis research investigated the influence of observed touch on the perceptions of communality and dominance in dyadic interactions. We manipulated four key situational features of haptic behavior in two experiments: the initiation, reciprocity, the degree of formality of touch (Studies 1 and 2), and the context of the interaction (Study 2). The results showed that the default perception of touch, irrespective of whether it is initiated or reciprocated, is the communal intention of the toucher. Furthermore, the initiation of touch was seen as an act of dominance, particularly, when the contact between the actors was primed as being hierarchical. Reciprocation neutralized the perceived asymmetry in dominance, but such inferences seemed to hinge on the fit of the touch with the context: reciprocation of formal touch reduced the asymmetry in the hierarchical context, whereas reciprocation of informal touch reduced the asymmetry in the non-hierarchical context.