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- Adaptation and validation into portuguese language of the six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT)Publication . Apóstolo, João Luís Alves; Paiva, Diana dos Santos; Silva, Rosa Carla; Santos, Eduardo José Ferreira; Schultz, Timothy JohnBackground: The six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT) is a brief cognitive screening tool that can be administered to older people in 2–3 min.Objective: To adapt the 6CIT for the European Portuguese and determine its sychometric properties based on a sample recruited from several contexts (nursing homes; universities for older people; day centres; primary health care units).Method: The original 6CIT was translated into Portuguese and the draft Portuguese version (6CIT-P) was back-translated and piloted. The accuracy of the 6CIT-P was assessed by comparison with the Portuguese Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE). A convenience sample of 550 older people from various geographical locations in the north and centre of the country was used. Results: The test–retest reliability coefficient was high (r = 0.95). The 6CIT-P also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.88) and corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.32 and 0.90. Total 6CIT-P and MMSE scores were strongly correlated. The proposed 6CIT-P threshold for cognitive impairment is ≥10 in the Portuguese population, which gives sensitivity of 82.78% and specificity of 84.84%. The accuracy of 6CIT-P, as measured by area under the ROC curve, was 0.91.Conclusion: The 6CIT-P has high reliability and validity and is accurate when used to screen for cognitive impairment
- Use of innovative technologies in group-based reminiscence interventions in older adults’ with dementia: a scoping reviewPublication . Gil, Isabel; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Bobrowicz-Campos, Elzbieta; Santos, Eduardo; Silva, Rosa Carla; Sousa, Liliana B.; Almeida, Maria de Lurdes; Apóstolo, JoãoBackground: Reminiscence therapy (RT) emerges in the literature as a non-pharmacological intervention commonly implemented in groups of older adults with dementia, and which has significant positive results in outcomes such as cognition and depressive symptomatology. Simultaneously, we witness the gradual addition of innovative technologies in non-pharmacological interventions in this population segment. However, no studies have synthesized the main contributions of the use of technology in group-based RT sessions. Aim: To map the available evidence on group-based RT sessions/activities aided by technological innovations, and critically discussed the potentialities and weaknesses of its use. Methods: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Two independent reviewers analyzed the relevance of the studies, extracted and synthesized data. Results: Seven studies were included. Overall, the use of technological aids potentiates the interaction and communication between older adults with dementia, staff, and relatives. Nevertheless, issues related to ergonomics, connectivity, and intention of use emerge as recurrent pitfalls. Conclusion: While technological aids can foster a more personalized and dynamic group-based RT session, the development of such innovations must follow an user-centered approach that involves older adults with different stages of dementia in order to create solutions with significance and applicability to its end-users.