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- Testing methodological and population-specific influences on the detection of Zipf’s law of brevity in chimpanzee gesturesPublication . Safryghin, A.; Badihi, G.; Ferrer-i-Cancho, R.; Grund, C.; Hayashi, M.; Mielke, A.; Mine, J.; Rodrigues, E. D.; Soldati, A.; Zuberbühler, K.; Hobaiter, C.; Zulberti, C.Zipf’s law of brevity is a widespread manifestation of information compression found across human languages and other communication systems. Chimpanzee gesture represents a rare absence of its expression in short-range communication. But, whether this absence reflects a feature of ape gesture production, or results from methodological obstacles or population differences is unclear. Selecting the appropriate unit of analysis is crucial for detecting linguistic patterns in any system. We assess gestural repertoires of three chimpanzee communities for Zipf’s law, while discriminating and testing different levels of unit durations (segmentation) and how finely gestural units are split (granularity). We report the first repertoire-wide detection of Zipf’s law in ape gesture in one chimpanzee community at a specific level of segmentation and granularity. We suggest that both methodological and socio-ecological factors can shape the detection and expression of Zipf’s law, emphasizing the importance of species-relevant units and metrics for meaningful cross-species comparisons.
- The orphic 'fleeting glimpse' in some of its remediationsPublication . Bär, GeraldThe myth of Orpheus and Eurydice was revitalized and perpetuated during the first decades of the twentieth century in literature and other arts. Influenced by literature, painting and music, cinema has retold and re-enacted this myth in many variations, from Destiny (Lang, 1921) to Cocteau’s Orphic trilogy (1930-60). Revisiting the Orphic ‘fleeting glimpse’ in some of its modernist re-mediations and comparing its pictorial and cinematographic expression will provide further insight into its adaptations and transformations and into the technology involved in these processes. The present investigation focuses on the technical reproducibility of the invisible and analyses its pictorial, poetic and cinematographic expression in the cultural exchange between Rodin, Rilke and Cocteau.
- Regulação emocional e resiliência durante a mobilidade internacionalPublication . Azevedo, Maria João Oliveira; Silva, Clédna Patrícia de OliveiraA presente investigação analisou os impactos da mobilidade académica internacional em estudantes do ensino superior, com ênfase nas dimensões emocionais e sociais, em particular a regulação emocional e a resiliência. O objetivo principal consistiu em avaliar as discrepâncias entre expetativas prévias e perceções pós-mobilidade, identificando ganhos, limitações e diferenças em função do perfil sociodemográfico. O estudo seguiu um desenho quantitativo longitudinal, recorrendo ao Global Mobility Expectations Survey (GMES) aplicado em dois momentos (antes e após a mobilidade) a 252 estudantes de diferentes níveis académicos. Complementarmente, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa das narrativas recolhidas no pós-mobilidade, incidindo sobre estratégias de regulação emocional e processos de resiliência. Os resultados mostraram ganhos significativos em todas as dimensões da mobilidade, sendo mais expressivos nas áreas pessoais, interculturais, linguísticas e sociais, e mais modestos nas dimensões académica e profissional. Estudantes de licenciatura e mais jovens relataram ganhos superiores, enquanto as mulheres destacaram-se no domínio da realização pessoal. A análise qualitativa revelou que a mobilidade foi vivida como uma trajetória emocional em fases (entusiasmo, choque cultural, adaptação), onde estratégias de autocuidado, apoio social e reinterpretação cognitiva se revelaram fundamentais para lidar com as exigências. Conclui-se que a mobilidade académica internacional é uma experiência profundamente transformadora, não apenas pela aquisição de competências académicas e linguísticas, mas sobretudo pelo desenvolvimento de competências emocionais e resilientes, que sustentam o bem-estar e a adaptação intercultural. Estes resultados têm implicações práticas para instituições de ensino superior e políticas públicas, reforçando a necessidade de programas de mobilidade mais inclusivos, equitativos e centrados no apoio emocional dos estudantes.
- Geographics and bacterial networks differently shape the acquired and latent global sewage resistomesPublication . Global Sewage Consortium; Manaia, CéliaAntimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have rapidly emerged and spread globally, but the pathways driving their spread remain poorly understood. We analyzed 1240 sewage samples from 351 cities across 111 countries, comparing ARGs known to be mobilized with those identified through functional metagenomics (FG). FG ARGs showed stronger associations with bacterial taxa than the acquired ARGs. Network analyses further confirmed this and showed potential for source attribution of both known and novel ARGs. The FG resistome was more evenly dispersed globally, whereas the acquired resistome followed distinct geographical patterns. City-wise distance-decay analyses revealed that the FG ARGs showed significant decay within countries but not across regions or globally. In contrast, acquired ARGs showed decay at both national and regional scales. At the variant level, both ARG groups had significant national and regional distance-decay effects, but only FG ARGs at a global scale. Additionally, we observed stronger distance effects in SubSaharan Africa and East Asia compared to North America. Our findings suggest that differential selection and niche competition, rather than dispersal, shape the global resistome patterns. A limited number of bacterial taxa may act as reservoirs of latent FG ARGs, highlighting the need of targeted surveillance to mitigate future resistance threats.
- Arthroscopic cam resection reduces femoroacetabular contact pressure: a cadaver studyPublication . Dantas, Pedro; Gonçalves, S. B.; Gonçalves, S. R.; Mascarenhas, V.; Martins, J.; Silva, M. Tavares da; Consciência, J. GuimarãesAims Arthroscopic cam resection in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome leads to clinical improvement, but biomechanical studies on the efect of surgical intervention are scarce. In this study, we compared the femoroacetabular contact pressure (CP) in an intact cam morphology and after arthroscopic cam resection. The hypothesis was that arthroscopic cam resection decreases the femoroacetabular CP. Methods A cadaveric study was performed on nine hips with a cam morphology (? angle > 60°). CP was assessed using a new hip-specifc device and an intracranial pressure (ICP) sensor. These evaluations were performed during hip arthroscopy, in the intact joint and after cam resection, with the joint in diferent positions. These measurements were normalized and reported as a percentage of the native intact joint. Results A statistically signifcant diference in the mean CP measured with the hip-specifc device was observed before and after cam osteoplasty at 0° (41.2% (SD 29.7%); p = 0.014), 30° (54.5% (SD 16.6%); p = 0.011), 60° (39.8% (SD 23.0%); p < 0.001), 80° of fexion (36.3% (SD 22.1%); p < 0.001), and 80° of fexion with 20° of internal rotation (26.0% (SD 22.4%); p < 0.001). The ICP sensor is very fragile and difcult to handle in hip arthroscopy. Consequently, we limited the evaluations using this sensor to fve hips. A statistically signifcant diference in the CP was found before and after cam osteoplasty at 80° of fexion (57.6% (SD 29.1%); p = 0.004). Conclusion This biomechanical study evaluated a new hip-specifc device to intraoperatively measure the CP in arthroscopic surgery. It showed a signifcant decrease in the CP after arthroscopic cam resection with the joint in diferent positions. At 80° of fexion with 20° of internal rotation, a typical position to detect hip impingement, the CP was reduced to 26% after arthroscopic cam resection. The intraoperative measurement of CP provides surgeons with feedback to evaluate the efectiveness of the osteoplasty.