Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-08-05"
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- Stress and cognitive appraisal in university students: explaining burnout over timePublication . Simães, Clara; Couto, Adriana; Morais, Catarina; Gomes, A. Rui; Fontes, LilianaThis study explored the experience of students' burnout across time, aiming to analyze the possible differential impact of stress and cognitive appraisal on burnout. In addition, it investigated the possible mediation effect of cognitive appraisal on the relationship between stress and burnout. The study included 175 university students aged between 17 and 42 years old (M = 21.19 years; SD = 3.95), of which 155 were female (89%) and 18 were male (10%). We collected data in three different moments (Mt) through the following evaluation proto- col: Mt1 included a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Student Stress Questionnaire, the Cognitive Appraisal Scale, and the Reduced COPE inventory; Mt2 and Mt3 included the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. We used structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses. The structural models tested indicated that the partial mediation model presented the best-fit indices, showing that stress and cognitive appraisal were predictors of burnout and that cognitive appraisal mediated that relationship. In sum, the results confirm the dynamic and chronic effect of academic stress on the experience of burnout over time. So, students and educators should be aware of academic stressors and pedagogical and life skills training programs implemented to provide better coping strategies to control burnout experiences.
- Phytochemical and functional diversity of enzyme-assisted extracts from Hippophae rhamnoides L., Aralia cordata thunb., and Cannabis sativa LPublication . Januskevice, Viktorija; Gomes, Ana Maria; Sousa, Sérgio; Barbosa, Joana Cristina; Vedor, Rita; Martusevice, Paulina; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Zvikas, Vaidotas; Viskelis, Pranas; Cesoniene, Laima; Balciunaitiene, Aiste; Viskelis, Jonas; Szonn, Sonata; Urbonaviciene, DaliaPlant leaves are a source of essential phenolic compounds, which have numerous health benefits and can be used in multiple applications. While various techniques are available for recovering bioactive compounds from by-products, more data are needed on enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The aim of this study was to compare EAE and solid–liquid extraction (SLE), to evaluate the impact on bioactive compounds’ extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of Aralia cordata leaves and roots, sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides, and hemp Cannabis sativa leaves. The results indicate that EAE with Viscozyme L enzyme (EAE_Visc) extracts of the tested plant leaves possess the highest yield, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content. Moreover, the EAE_Visc extract increased by 40% the total sugar content compared to the control extract of A. cordata root. Interestingly, the sea buckthorn leaf extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which reached an almost 99% inhibition in all extracts. Furthermore, the sea buckthorn leaves SLE and EAE_Visc extracts possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine changes in cell wall morphology after EAE. Overall, this study shows that EAE can be a promising method for increasing the yield and improving the functional properties of the resulting extracts in a fast and sustainable way compared to SLE.