Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-10-06"
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- Study of the impact of edible mushroom biomass obtained from by-products upcycling on the human intestinal microbiotaPublication . Cima, Arlindo André e André; Pintado, Maria Manuela EstevezIn recent years, the association between prebiotics and human health has been increasingly strong, becoming a major focus due to their ability to positively modulate the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota and favorably impact consumer health. Mushroom consumption has increased in recent years and so the production of available by-products, which may represent a potential new source of dietary fibre that is directly correlated with prebiotic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the potential prebiotic effect of mushroom biomass obtained from by products using a human feces fermentation model. The composition of 4 flours derived from aqueous extraction (2 extraction methods – M1 and M2) of by-products from 2 mushrooms: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii, was characterized. Subsequently, two Pleurotus ostreatus flours (chosen for the best carbohydrate profile) were subjected (together with positive and negative controls) to a simulated digestive process, and tested in an in vitro human fecal fermentation model, being evaluated at 5 fermentation times for 5 groups of bacteria: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium, as well as the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other relevant fatty acids representative of microbiota metabolism. Regarding the characterization, the main focus was to evaluate mainly the nutritional composition and in particular the fibre, the structural carbohydrates including the glucans that are directly related to the prebiotic potential knowing in advance that the bacterial groups use them as a substrate to grow and generate metabolites. This characterization showed that P. ostreatus had a slight advantage over P. eryngii in the case of fiber (P. ostreatus: 36.39 – 41.01 g/100 g DW, P. eryngii: 35.19 – 39.69 g/100 g DW). In the case of β-glucans, P. ostreatus flours were higher (50.92 – 52.29 g/100 g DW) than for P. eryngii (41.96 – 43.64 g/100 g DW). Comparing the flours, it was observed that the M2 extraction method generated a flour with higher concentrations of fibre and structural carbohydrates. The results showed that the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio over time remained stable and close to one, a positive indicator for M1 and M2 flours. The production of SCFAs (acetate, butyrate and propionate), lactic and succinic acid revealed a positive modulation of the microbiota metabolism, with evidence of an increase in all metabolites (except lactic acid) in relation to controls, which is a very positive indicator of the prebiotic potential of the flours. Although the results of bacterial communities are not directly correlated with the metabolites produced, it is possible to suggest that the range of bioactive properties associated with P. ostreatus biomass may be associated with the potential prebiotic activity displayed in the human intestinal microbiota. Also, the valorization of mushroom by-products allowed to obtain functional ingredients for the development of new health-promoting foods.
- Risk assessment instruments for pressure ulcer in adults in critical situation: a scoping reviewPublication . Picoito, Ricardo Jorge de Barros Romeira; Lapuente, Sara Maria May Pereira da Cruz; Ramos, Alexandra Catarina Parreira; Rabiais, Isabel Cristina Mascarenhas; Deodato, Sérgio Joaquim; Nunes, Elisabete Maria Garcia TelesObjective: to map the instruments for risk assessment of pressure ulcers in adults in critical situation in intensive care units; identify performance indicators of the instrument, and the appreciation of users regarding the instruments’ use/limitations. Method: a scoping review. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews in the writing of the study. We carried out the searches in the EBSCOhost search tool for 8 databases, resulting in 1846 studies, of which 22 studies compose the sample. Results: we identified two big instrument groups: generalist [Braden, Braden (ALB), Emina, Norton-MI, RAPS, and Waterlow]; and specific (CALCULATE, Cubbin & Jackson, EVARUCI, RAPS-ICU, Song & Choi, Suriaidi and Sanada, and COMHON index). Regarding the predictive value, EVARUCI and CALCULATE presented better results for performance indicators. Concerning appreciation/limitations indicated by users, we highlight the CALCULATE scale, followed by EVARUCI and RAPS-ICU, although they still need future adjustments. Conclusion: the mapping of the literature showed that the evidence is sufficient to indicate one or more instruments for the risk assessment of pressure ulcers for adults in critical situation in intensive care units.
- Análise da estabilidade de um implante Tissue-Level não auto-roscante em função de dois tipos de protocolos de fresagem : estudo pré-clínicoPublication . Gomes, José Rodrigues; Correia, André Ricardo Maia; Shinkai, Rosemary Sadami AraiIntrodução: existem vários métodos de avaliação da estabilidade dos implantes, como análise radiográfica, análise do torque de inserção, teste de torque reverso e análise modal, destacando-se neste último o Osstell®. Trata-se de um dispositivo que utiliza a frequência de ressonância para medir a estabilidade do implante em valores ISQ. Os implantes dentários podem ser não auto-roscantes ou auto-roscantes, e as suas características, como a macro e microgeometria, e a superfície, afetam a biomecânica da osteointegração. Este estudo tem por objetivos definir uma metodologia de investigação da estabilidade dos implantes em ambiente pré-clínico e comparar a estabilidade de implantes não auto-roscantes, do tipo tissue-level, em diferentes densidades ósseas, com dois protocolos de fresagem diferentes. Materiais e métodos: foram utilizados dois blocos de resina da marca Bonemodels® para simular quatro tipos de densidade óssea (D1-D4). Utilizaram-se 32 implantes não auto-roscantes da marca Straumann® Tissue-level SPØ4.1 RN, SLA®, os quais foram colocados com dois protocolos de fresagem distintos: brocas cilíndricas vs brocas cónicas da marca Straumann®. Após a inserção, registou-se o torque máximo de inserção e o valor ISQ do sistema Osstell®. As variáveis independentes foram a densidade óssea e o protocolo de fresagem. Efetuou-se uma análise estatística descritiva e inferencial dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: o protocolo metodológico desenvolvido permitiu obter resultados das medições de ISQ e valores de torque dos implantes colocados. Verificamos que os implantes no osso D4 apresentaram valores mais baixos de ISQ e de torque, em oposição ao osso D1-D2-D3. Os valores obtidos no protocolo de fresagem “cónico” foram superiores aos valores do protocolo convencional. Na análise do total de implantes em cada grupo verificou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas nos valores de ISQ-MD (p<0,021), sendo superiores no grupo de teste. Conclusão: dentro da limitações deste estudo podemos concluir que o protocolo experimental aqui apresentado parece ser viável para estudos de investigação pré-clínica futuros. Este estudo permitiu aferir algumas limitações metodológicas que poderão ser resolvidas em estudos futuros. Em implantes cilíndricos, o uso de um protocolo de fresagem com brocas cónicas resultou numa maior estabilidade dos implantes em comparação com o protocolo de fresagem convencional.