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- Prospective scenarios for water sustainability in the São Francisco River BasinPublication . Bettencourt, Pedro; Fernandes, Pedro Afonso; Fulgêncio, Cláudia; Canas, Ângela; Wasserman, Julio CesarExpanding water demands and increasing uncertainties associate with water availability in the context of climate change are drivers of future development scenarios in water management of river basins. Water limitations can be particularly important in developing countries, where agriculture and livestock constitute the basis of the economy. Although many researchers have dealt with quantification of water, the application of methods to evaluate the relationship between demand and availability is still scarce in the literature. In the present research, water demand prospective scenarios for the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil were developed, allowing the determination of management procedures to spare this resource. Starting from the present situation, three distinct future evolution scenarios were drawn for water withdrawal flows for the years 2025 and 2035 based on sub-basin water use sectors (farming, industry, human supply—urban and rural, and water diversion for external use): a tendential scenario (B) drawn from the present water uses; a moderate water consumption scenario (A), associated with smaller economic and social development; and a stronger development scenario (C), with increases in water demand. Sustainability of water demand is assessed by comparing water availability, as the ratio between the water demand and observed flows. Regardless of the complexity and extent of the region, applied geographic information system was able to depict the water availability and determine management procedures. The main water withdrawal is associated with irrigated agriculture. For the three prospective scenarios, it is expected that the situation tends to get worse, leading to severe water scarcity in most sub-basins and posing several challenges for the water resources management. Management actions are proposed, in order to equilibrate the water availability in the basin.
- The European guidelines on diagnosis and management of neutropenia in adults and children: a consensus between the European Hematology Association and the EuNet-INNOCHRON COST ActionPublication . Fioredda, Francesca; Skokowa, Julia; Tamary, Hannah; Spanoudakis, Michail; Farruggia, Piero; Almeida, António; Guardo, Daniela; Höglund, Petter; Newburger, Peter E.; Palmblad, Jan; Touw, Ivo P.; Zeidler, Cornelia; Warren, Alan J.; Dale, David C.; Welte, Karl; Dufour, Carlo; Papadaki, Helen A.Neutropenia, as an isolated blood cell deficiency, is a feature of a wide spectrum of acquired or congenital, benign or premalignant disorders with a predisposition to develop myelodysplastic neoplasms/acute myeloid leukemia that may arise at any age. In recent years, advances in diagnostic methodologies, particularly in the field of genomics, have revealed novel genes and mechanisms responsible for etiology and disease evolution and opened new perspectives for tailored treatment. Despite the research and diagnostic advances in the field, real world evidence, arising from international neutropenia patient registries and scientific networks, has shown that the diagnosis and management of neutropenic patients is mostly based on the physicians' experience and local practices. Therefore, experts participating in the European Network for the Innovative Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neutropenias have collaborated under the auspices of the European Hematology Association to produce recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients across the whole spectrum of chronic neutropenias. In the present article, we describe evidence-and consensus-based guidelines for the definition and classification, diagnosis, and follow-up of patients with chronic neutropenias including special entities such as pregnancy and the neonatal period. We particularly emphasize the importance of combining the clinical findings with classical and novel laboratory testing, and advanced germline and/or somatic mutational analyses, for the characterization, risk stratification, and monitoring of the entire spectrum of neutropenia patients. We believe that the wide clinical use of these practical recommendations will be particularly beneficial for patients, families, and treating physicians.