Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-06-07"
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- Cuidados paliativos em contexto de crise humanitária e pandemia covid-19 : uma revisão scopingPublication . Romero, Inês Cristina Perdigão Silva; Capelas, Manuel LuísIntroducão: As crises humanitárias (CH) são eventos de larga escala que podem resultar na disrupção dos sistemas de saúde e sociedade, bem como em elevadas taxas de mortalidade e sofrimento – físico, psicológico e espiritual. Os Cuidados Paliativos (CP) visam aliviar o sofrimento em todas estas dimensões, pelo que é crucial integrá-los na resposta humanitária. A recente pandemia COVID-19 enquadra-se na categoria de CH, sobretudo nas fases iniciais, em que os recursos eram deficitários. Considera-se assim que os modelos de integração de CP em CH podem adaptar-se à pandemia COVID-19; no entanto, a evidência é limitada. Com este estudo pretendeu-se mapear o conhecimento existente quanto aos modelos organizacionais de integração dos CP em CH e na pandemia COVID-19. Material e métodos: Procedeu-se a uma revisão scoping, segundo as normas definidas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A pesquisa foi efetuada recorrendo às bases de dados PUBMED, CINHAL e SCOPUS e incluiu artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2021. A pesquisa foi realizada por dois revisores independentes, com recurso a um terceiro em caso de discordância. Resultados: De um total de 8494 artigos, 28 foram incluídos na revisão. A maioria dos artigos refere-se à temática de CP e COVID-19 (61%). Alguns dos elementos da resposta frequentemente encontrados foram: integração das abordagens curativa e paliativa; disponibilidade de medicação essencial em CP; formação básica transversal em CP; hierarquização de recursos; telemedicina; disponibilização de materiais de consulta. Discussão e conclusões: A informação respeitante à integração dos CP em CH é escassa e a disponibilidade de protocolos e guidelines é limitada. Inversamente, a evidência respeitante aos CP na pandemia COVID-19 é abundante, detalhada e concreta. Este estudo sugere que os modelos de integração dos CP na pandemia COVID-19 podem informar a resposta de CP em CH. Esta dissertação providencia uma súmula interpretativa das medidas recomendadas para a integração dos CP em CH.
- Can corrole dimers be good photosensitizers to kill bacteria?Publication . Lacerda, Paula S. S.; Bartolomeu, Maria; Gomes, Ana T. P. C.; Duarte, Ana S.; Almeida, Adelaide; Faustino, Maria A. F.; Neves, Maria G. P. M. S.; Barata, Joana F. B.Corroles possess key photophysical and photochemical properties to be exploited as thera-peutic agents in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Herein, we present for the first time the antimicrobial efficiency of three corrole dimers and of the corresponding precursor against the Gram(+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, to explore future clinical applications, the cytotoxicity of the most promising derivatives towards Vero cells was evaluated. The aPDT assays performed under white light irradiation (50 mW/cm2; light dose 450 J/cm2) and at a corrole concen-tration of 15 µM showed that some dimers were able to reduce 99.9999% of S. aureus strain (decrease of 5 log10 CFU/mL) and their photodynamic efficiency was dependent on position, type of linkage, and aggregation behavior. Under the same light conditions, the corrole precursor 1 demonstrated notable photodynamic efficiency, achieving total photoinactivation (>8.0 log10 CFU/mL reduction) after the same period of irradiation (light dose 450 J/cm2). No cytotoxicity was observed when Vero cells were exposed to corrole 1 and dimer 3 for 24 h according to ISO guidelines (ISO 10993-5) for in vitro cytotoxicity of medical devices. The results show that corrole dimers, dependent on their structures, can be considered good photosensitizers to kill Staphylococcus aureus.
- Promotion academic entrepreneurship thought in bioproducts problem-based learning methodology: a case studyPublication . Oliveira, L.; Cardoso, E.Entrepreneurship and innovation are priority objectives for the development and increase of economic competitiveness. However, they need a priority intervention and especially directed to activities of a business nature, going beyond the fields of investigation and science. The search for professionals with different skills to overcome the current and foreseen challenges is relevant in the bioproducts sector. Problem-based learning (PBL) is described as an instructional approach, which promotes interdisciplinarity and critical thinking, with the potential to meet current challenges. This article describes a proposal to align the PBL with an innovation program and contest, to be integrated into a master‘s degree in science and technology in bioproducts (MDSTBio) to promote academic entrepreneurship. The alignment of the PBL with the program and contest could allow the development of innovative products with a view to solving problems faced by the bioproducts sector. The PBL strategy could allow students to mobilize knowledge from several curricular units of MDSTBio for the development of different deliverables to participate in the innovation programs and contests. This way, it could be possible to promote innovation in the bioproducts sector, stimulating the entrepreneurial spirit among higher education students, and understand its potential for replication and mobilization of skills acquired in different bioproducts courses.
- On-site inspecting zombie lendingPublication . Bonfim, Diana; Cerqueiro, Geraldo; Degryse, Hans; Ongena, Steven“Zombie lending” remains a widespread practice by banks around the world. In this paper, we exploit a series of large-scale on-site inspections made on the credit portfolios of several Portuguese banks to investigate how these inspections affect banks’ future lending decisions. We find that an inspected bank becomes 20% less likely to refinance zombie firms, immediately spurring their default. Overall, banks seemingly reduce zombie lending because the incentives to hold these loans disappear once they are forced to recognize losses.