Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-04-01"
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- Perceção e adesão a campanhas de sensibilização contra a Covid-19 : um estudo de caso comparativo da Direção-Geral da Saúde e do Serviço Nacional de SaúdePublication . Luzitu, Isabel Miezi; Simão, João Duarte Borges Martins de VasconcelosO surto pandémico da covid-19 que o mundo tem vivido nos últimos dois anos, tem levado várias organizações de saúde a implementar por meio de campanhas de sensibilização formas de educar a população a proteger-se, evitar o contágio e proliferação do vírus. Em Portugal organizações como a Direção-Geral de Saúde (DGS) e o Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), também têm trabalhado nesse sentido para educar e incentivar o público a aderir as medidas de prevenção por meio de campanhas de sensibilização. O objetivo da presente dissertação é o de avaliar a perceção e a adesão do público português relativamente as campanhas de sensibilização contra a covid-19 lançadas nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2020 respetivamente, numa fase em que o país se encontrava num período de desconfinamento. Pretende-se também compreender se a perceção que o público teve sobre as campanhas os influenciou a aderir as medidas de prevenção. Para esta investigação foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso comparativo, recorrendo a um método misto, que consistiu em entrevistas exploratórias a dois profissionais da área de comunicaçao da DGS e um inquérito por questionário com questões sobre as duas campanhas de sensibilização lançadas respetivamente pela DGS e SNS direcionadas ao público português no geral. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação, indicam que a perceção do público relativamente as duas campanhas de sensibilização os influenciou a mudar de comportamento e a aderir as medidas de prevenção. Deste modo reconhecem-se que as campanhas ajudaram o público a manter os hábitos relativos ao uso das medidas de prevenção aprendidos antes e durante as campanhas, embora existam casos em que indivíduos afirmam não terem sido influenciados por elas por sempre terem respeitado e seguido as medidas de prevenção antes mesmo do surgimento das campanhas.
- Outdoor daylight exposure and longer sleep promote wellbeing under COVID‐19 mandated restrictionsPublication . Korman, Maria; Tkachev, Vadim; Reis, Cátia; Komada, Yoko; Kitamura, Shingo; Gubin, Denis; Kumar, Vinod; Roenneberg, TillLight is an important regulator of daily human physiology in providing time-of-day information for the circadian clock to stay synchronised with the 24-hr day. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to social restrictions in many countries to prevent virus spreading, restrictions that dramatically altered daily routines and limited outdoor daylight exposure. We previously reported that sleep duration increased, social jetlag decreased, and mid-sleep times delayed during social restrictions (Global Chrono Corona Survey, N = 7,517). In the present study, we investigated in the same dataset changes in wellbeing and their link to outdoor daylight exposure, and sleep–wake behaviour. In social restrictions, median values of sleep quality, quality of life, physical activity and productivity deteriorated, while screen time increased, and outdoor daylight exposure was reduced by ~58%. Yet, many survey participants also reported no changes or even improvements. Larger reductions in outdoor daylight exposure were linked to deteriorations in wellbeing and delayed mid-sleep times. Notably, sleep duration was not associated with outdoor daylight exposure loss. Longer sleep and decreased alarm-clock use dose-dependently correlated with changes in sleep quality and quality of life. Regression analysis for each wellbeing aspect showed that a model with six predictors including both levels and their deltas of outdoor daylight exposure, sleep duration and mid-sleep timing explained 5%–10% of the variance in changes of wellbeing scores (except for productivity). As exposure to daylight may extenuate the negative effects of social restriction and prevent sleep disruption, public strategies during pandemics should actively foster spending more daytime outdoors.
- Continuous production of highly tuned silk/calcium-based composites: exploring new pathways for skin regenerationPublication . Veiga, Anabela; Magalhães, Rui; Duarte, Marta M.; Dias, Juliana R.; Alves, Nuno M.; Costa-Pinto, Ana Rita; Castro, Filipa; Rocha, Fernando; Oliveira, Ana L.Calcium plays an important role in barrier function repair and skin homeostasis. In particular, calcium phosphates (CaPs) are well established materials for biomedical engineering due to their biocompatibility. To generate biomaterials with a more complete set of biological properties, previously discarded silk sericin (SS) has been recovered and used as a template to grow CaPs. Crucial characteristics for skin applications, such as antibacterial activity, can be further enhanced by doping CaPs with cerium (Ce) ions. The effectiveness of cell attachment and growth on the materials highly depends on their morphology, particle size distribution, and chemical composition. These characteristics can be tailored through the application of oscillatory flow technology, which provides precise mixing control of the reaction medium. Thus, in the present work, CaP/SS and CaP/SS/Ce particles were fabricated for the first time using a modular oscillatory flow plate reactor (MOFPR) in a continuous mode. Furthermore, the biological behavior of both these composites and of previously produced pure CaPs was assessed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). It was demonstrated that both CaP based with plate-shaped nanoparticles and CaP-SS-based composites significantly improved cell viability and proliferation over time. The results obtained represent a first step towards the reinvention of CaPs for skin engineering.
- Rituais de interação do docente : arqueologia da reciprocidade ação/reaçãoPublication . Amaral, Vera Lúcia Silvestre Videira do; Baptista, Isabel Maria de Carvalho; Ribeiro, Maria Luísa da Mota TeixeiraPartindo da constatação de que os rituais constituem parte integrante da cultura escolar, o presente trabalho de investigação de natureza interpretativa, teve por finalidade principal elencar e enquadrar o papel dos rituais de interação entre docentes, no contexto escolar, abordando a complexidade da sua operacionalização. No plano científico das Ciências da Educação e na reapropriação do passado pelo legado das reciprocidades vividas de experiências e realidades, com a presente investigação coloca-se como questão norteadora, se os rituais participam na construção identitária do professor, envolvendo a adesão inconsciente a uma ordem simbólica que contribui para a manutenção da identidade cultural da escola, em oposição às formas de eufemismo de grupos de pressão social e estatal. Neste âmbito, procurámos ainda perceber em que medida a dispersão dos campos de atuação desenvolvidos pelo docente por áreas administrativas, influenciam os rituais e/ou interferem nas imagens e expectativas que se formulam a respeito desse docente, influências e/ou interferências essas que levam os atores educativos a agir em conformidade, seguindo ou não a ordem subjetiva ou normativa instituída. A investigação prossegue metodologicamente, colocando a temática em apreciação através da exploração de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas em profundidade, de acordo com as características de um trabalho predominantemente de tipo qualitativo. Em resultado, interpretámos como os rituais ajudam a comunidade escolar a formar-se, manter-se e negociar os seus conflitos, não obstante as diversas formas de pressão exercidas, dominantes e conformadoras, tendo concluído que os rituais possuem implicação na construção identitária do docente, constituindo-se a partir do agir comum para, por um lado, favorecer a cultura docente e ordem escolar, e por outro, diluir mecanismos identitários de pertença e alteridade, individuais e de grupo. Conquanto os resultados atingidos, elencamos a nossa visão crítica sobre o processo desenvolvido e expomos as limitações que detetámos, alinhando correspondentes sugestões para pesquisas futuras.
- Nursing interventions concerning the bonding of hospitalized newborns – scoping reviewPublication . Querido, Débora; Lourenço, Margarida; Charepe, Zaida; Caldeira, Sílvia; Nunes, ElisabeteIntroduction: The bonding process consists of an emotional bond between the newborn and the parents or caregiver. The newborn's attachment to his caregiver is the basis of all subsequent relationships that he will develop throughout life. Objective: To map nursing interventions that promote bonding in newborns in need of hospitalization. Method: This scoping review was carried out according to the method of the Joanna Briggs Institute, the main sources of information being the databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL via EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, in portuguese and english, without time limit. Results: 53 studies were included in this review. The nursing interventions identified in the literature are divided into two groups: in promoting interaction between parents and the newborn, namely physical proximity, the promotion of breastfeeding, the inclusion of parents in the care of the newborn, and in interaction between parents and the nursing team, through communication and emotional support. Conclusion: Nurses play a fundamental role in reestablishing the binding process between the hospitalized newborn and the parents, so that they are able to move from a role in which they are mere spectators to become the main caregivers of the newborn, trained and linked.
- Sinus lift associated with leucocyte‐platelet‐rich fibrin (second generation) for bone gain: a systematic reviewPublication . Otero, Ada Isis Pelaez; Fernandes, Juliana Campos Hasse; Borges, Tiago; Nassani, Leonardo; Castilho, Rogerio de Moraes; Fernandes, Gustavo Vicentis de OliveiraThe purpose of this systematic review was to analyze sinus lifting procedures and to compare the efficiency of this treatment associated with the second generation of platelet‐rich fibrin related to its effects on bone gain and to clarify the regenerative efficacy in sinus lift procedure, whether alone or as a coadjutant to other bone graft materials. The PICOT question was, “In clinical studies with patients needing a maxillary sinus lift (P), does the use of PRF either alone (I) or in conjunction with other biomaterials (C) improve the clinical outcome associated with bone gain and density (O), with at least three months of follow‐up (T)?” An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, and Scopus databases through a search strategy. A total of 443 articles were obtained from the electronic database search. Sixteen articles met all criteria and were included in this review. Within the limitation of this study and interpreting the results carefully, it was suggested that a higher risk for implant failure after a sinus elevation might be seen in patients with residual bone ≤4 mm, and PRF application was effective, suggesting reducing the time needed for new bone formation.
- Public relations and dissent: anti-racism digital advocacy Portuguese case studyPublication . Müller, NaídeSocial media platforms are being used to shift the balance of power, functioning as tools of resistance for activist publics on social justice issues. This article uses a postmodern approach to public relations with the purpose of clarifying the role of dissensus in social media contexts, connecting it to the principles of the ethics of care that promote dialogue but not necessarily with the aim of achieving consensus. Scholars and practitioners can claim a broader role for public relations in society by considering and analyzing conflicting perspectives in digital communication as a way to engage with activist struggles in social justice and human rights causes. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) to a case study that articulates interdisciplinary concepts, this research analyzes the first national weekly Portuguese newspaper Expresso support for the anti-racist cause through its promotion of a manifesto and a Facebook post against racist intimidation. In a contemporary society characterized by fragmentation, taking a public stance on important social and political issues, as in the case analyzed, demands moving beyond consensus-driven communication. The data confirm that social media platforms are not necessarily dialogic spaces and that conflicting communicative perspectives may be a useful way to analyze social change in public relations theory and practice. By taking a public stand against racist intimidation, assuming the possible alienation of specific publics -and "Facebook bullying"- this private newspaper also demonstrated the practical application of the assumptions of the ethics of care.
- Editorial: v14 n1Publication . Ribas, Daniel; Coutinho, Maria; Natálio, Carlos; Amorim, João Pedro
- Multimorbidity profile of COVID-19 deaths in Portugal during 2020Publication . Nogueira, Paulo Jorge; Nobre, Miguel de Araújo; Elias, Cecília; Feteira-Santos, Rodrigo; Martinho, António C. V.; Camarinha, Catarina; Bacelar-Nicolau, Leonor; Costa, Andreia Silva; Furtado, Cristina; Morais, Liliane; Rachadell, Juan; Pinto, Mário Pereira; Pinto, Fausto; Carneiro, António VazBackground: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and has reached pandemic proportions. Since then, several clinical characteristics have been associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe the morbidity profile of COVID-19 deaths in Portugal. Methods: A study was performed including deaths certificated in Portugal with “COVID-19” (ICD-10: U07.1 or U07.2) coded as the underlying cause of death from the National e-Death Certificates Information System between 16 March and 31 December 2020. Comorbidities were derived from ICD-10 codes using the Charlson and Elixhauser indexes. The resident Portuguese population estimates for 2020 were used. Results: The study included 6701 deaths (death rate: 65.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants), predominantly males (72.1). The male-to-female mortality ratio was 1.1. The male-to-female mortality rate ratio was 1.2; however, within age groups, it varied 5.0–11.4-fold. COVID-19 deaths in Portugal during 2020 occurred mainly in individuals aged 80 years or older, predominantly in public healthcare institutions. Uncomplicated hypertension, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease were observed among COVID-19 deceased patients, with prevalences higher than 10%. A high prevalence of zero morbidities was registered using both the Elixhauser and Charlson comorbidities lists (above 40.2%). Nevertheless, high multimorbidity was also identified at the time of COVID-19 death (about 36.5%). Higher multimorbidity levels were observed in men, increasing with age up to 80 years old. Zero-morbidity prevalence and high multimorbidity prevalences varied throughout the year 2020, seemingly more elevated in the mortality waves’ peaks, suggesting variation according to the degree of disease incidence at a given period. Conclusions: This study provides detailed sociodemographic and clinical information on all certificated deaths from COVID-19 in Portugal during 2020, showing complex and extreme levels of morbidity (zero-morbidity vs. high multimorbidity) dynamics during the first year of the pandemic in Portugal.
- Health literacy in Portugal: results of the health literacy population survey project 2019–2021Publication . Arriaga, Miguel; Francisco, Rita; Oliveira, Jorge; Silva, Carlota; Câmara, Gisele; Sørensen, Khristine; Dietscher, Christina; Costa, AndreiaHealth literacy entails the knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information in order to make judgments and decisions in everyday life concerning health care, disease prevention, and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life throughout the life course. It has become an essential concept in public health. It is considered a modifiable determinant of health decisions, health behaviors, health, and healthcare outcomes. Prior studies suggest highly variable levels of health literacy across European countries. Assessing and monitoring health literacy is critical to support interventions and policies to improve health literacy. This study aimed to describe the process of adaptation to Portugal of the short‐form version of the Health Literacy Survey (HLS19‐Q12) from the Health Literacy Population Survey Project 2019–2021, also establishing the health literacy levels in the Portuguese population. The sample comprised 1247 valid cases. The survey consisted of a brief questionnaire on the determinants of health literacy, plus the HLS19‐Q12 questionnaire and the specific health literacies packages on digital health literacy, navigational health literacy, and vaccination health literacy. The results suggest that 7 out of 10 people in Portugal (mainland) have high health literacy levels and support the results of other studies concerning the main socioeconomic determinants of general health literacy. Furthermore, the results suggest that “navigation in the health system” tasks are the most challenging tasks regarding specific health literacies. The overall data suggest the HLS19‐Q12 as a feasible measure to assess health literacy in the Portuguese population. Thus, it can be used in Portugal to assess the population’s needs and monitor and evaluate policies and initiatives to promote health literacy by addressing its societal, environmental, personal, and situational modifiable determinant factors.