Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-09-17"
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- The impact of abusive use of article XX GATT WTO on developing countries : Latin America and CaribbeanPublication . Ramires, Karina Gabela; Campos, Manuel António Fontaine
- E-commerce à portuguesa : um manual de boas práticas para lojas e-commerce de PMEsPublication . Oliveira, Hugo Domingos Ribeiro de; Dias, Fátima Patrícia Nunes da Encarnação MarquesNuma uma sociedade cada vez mais digital e interligada, formas de consumo como o e-commerce têm vindo a ganhar uma importância cada vez maior no mercado global. Este tipo de comércio é o segredo do sucesso de gigantes como a Amazon, e as suas potencialidades e vantagens em relação ao comércio de retalho já levaram a que muitos consumidores adotassem esta modalidade como a sua principal forma de consumo. Para além disto, perante uma crise pandémica que obrigou à digitalização de muitos negócios, e que suscitou um aumento do e-commerce à escala global, apresentamos um manual de boas práticas, que consideramos uma ferramenta extremamente importante para guiar novos participantes no mercado digital e auxiliar na melhoria contínua dos agentes que operam neste mercado. Assim, o objetivo deste relatório de estágio foi elaborar um manual de boas práticas para e-commerce. Para atingir este objetivo foram utilizadas na metodologia, a observação participante enquanto estagiário, a entrevista ao CEO da instituição de acolhimento do estágio, em conjunto com seis entrevistas realizadas junto de representantes de lojas de e-commerce portuguesas, e dois grupos de discussão com consumidores de e-commerce. Em termos formais, optamos por dividir este manual com base em sete pontos de análise fundamentais que foram organizados numa lógica de importância decrescente, em conformidade com os dados recolhidos na metodologia. Os resultados obtidos revelam que ambos os desenvolvedores de lojas de comércio digital, e os seus respetivos consumidores, vêm como mais importante, numa loja de e-commerce, os aspetos de design e experiência de utilização. Para além disto, aspetos como o posicionamento na pesquisa Google, e o word of mouth postivio revelaram-se muito expressivos no seu impacto nas lojas online. Com a apresentação deste manual esperamos criar uma série de guias e indicadores gerais, que podem ser consultados por lojas de e-commerce com as dimensões de pequena e média empresa (PME) para criar, ou melhorar, a sua presença no mercado do comércio digital.
- Os desafios da economia digital : o alargamento do conceito de estabelecimento estável no âmbito da tributação do comércio eletrónicoPublication . Leal, Heloisa Fatuch; Gama, João Taborda da
- Two controversial practises associated with high-frequency trading and the comparative responses from the European Union and the United StatesPublication . Jordbraek, Atle Danilo; Pereira, Maria Clara Natividade MartinsThis dissertation compares the regulatory approaches taken by the EU and US to prevent HFT-associated market misconduct with the goal of identifying any significant differences that could be used in their mutual improvement. Spoofing and electronic front-running are used as benchmark manipulative practises, although electronic front-running is found to be controversial rather than abusive. The study argues on the back of its literature review section which is used as a fundament for the comparative analysis. As the research compares two rather large and composite systems, certain provisions such as the Reg SCI, MiFID II and MAR were subjected to scrutiny. The comparative analysis suggests that the effect-based EU approach is more resilient than the intent-based US approach when the goal is increased market efficiency, as intent is easier to cover up or challenge. As a result of the study, two suggestions for mutual improvement of the two regimes are proposed. Speed bumps or batch auctions are recommended as possible implementations to counter the negative market implications associated with electronic front-running. Speed bumps are found to be more implementable and therefore proposed as a short-term measure. Cancellation fees or cancellation caps are suggested as remedies against spoofing, although further investigation into their net market effects, such as effects on market-makers, are first required. The fact that the EU regime leaves significant room for individual interpretation between Member States is found to be an important weakness.
- IC-Behavior: an interdisciplinary taxonomy of behaviorsPublication . Larsen, Edit Kai R.; Ramsay, Lauren J.; Godinho, Cristina A.; Gershuny, Victoria; Hovorka, Dirk S.Academic disciplines are often organized according to the behaviors they examine. While most research on a behavior tends to exist within one discipline, some behaviors are examined by multiple disciplines. Better understanding of behaviors and their relationships should enable knowledge transfer across disciplines and theories, thereby dramatically improving the behavioral knowledge base. We propose a taxonomy built on the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), but design the taxonomy as a stand-alone extension rather than an improvement to ICF. Behaviors considered important enough to serve as the dependent variable in articles accepted for publication in top journals were extracted from nine different behavioral and social disciplines. A six-step development and validation process was employed, leading to the final taxonomy. A hierarchy of behaviors under the top banner of Engaging in activities/participating, reflective of ICF’s D. hierarchy was constructed with eight immediate domains addressing behaviors ranging from learning, exercising, self-care, and substance use. The resulting International Classification of Behaviors (IC-Behavior), provides a behavior taxonomy targeted towards the interdisciplinary integration of nomological networks relevant to behavioral theories. While IC-Behavior has been labeled v.1.0 to communicate that it is by no means an endpoint, it has empirically shown to provide flexibility for the addition of new behaviors and is tested in the health domain.