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- MAINT.Data: modelling and analysing interval data in RPublication . Silva, Pedro Duarte; Brito, Paula; Filzmoser, Peter; Dias, JoséWe present the CRAN R package MAINT.Data for the modelling and analysis of multivariate interval data, i.e., where units are described by variables whose values are intervals of IR, representing intrinsic variability. Parametric inference methodologies based on probabilistic models for interval variables have been developed, where each interval is represented by its midpoint and log-range, for which multivariate Normal and Skew-Normal distributions are assumed. The intrinsic nature of the interval variables leads to special structures of the variance-covariance matrix, which are represented by four different possible configurations. MAINT.Data implements the proposed methodologies in the S4 object system, introducing a specific data class for representing interval data. It includes functions and methods for modelling and analysing interval data, in particular maximum likelihood estimation, statistical tests for the different configurations, (M)ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis. For the Gaussian model, Model-based Clustering, robust estimation, outlier detection and Robust Discriminant Analysis are also available
- Critical care nursing to acute respiratory distress syndrome patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a scoping review protocolPublication . Faia, Isabel; Branco, Mário; Rabiais, Isabel C. M.Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map and understand the extent of the available scientific evidence regarding critical care nursing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Introduction: At a first approach, the evidence about critical care nursing to ARDS patients undergoing ECMO, appears that falls short to identify and describe nursing care interventions. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review research strategy is based on the definition of the participants, concept and context (PCC), the main elements used to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria (Peters et al., 2020). Concerning the participants, this research will focus on critically ill patients with ARDS undergoing ECMO. The inclusion criteria pondered will reflect only on adult patients. The concept considered will be critical care nursing. Studies involving ECMO cardiac support (VA-ECMO) will be excluded. Finally, the central context will be adult intensive care units (ICU). Methods: This protocol articulates a pathway and is based on The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology guidelines. All studies included regardless of language will consider a timeline limit of five years. The first approach is based on a digital research, in order to identify the relevant vocabulary. Afterwards a scientific data bases research will be conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINEâ), in Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHLâ) and in PubMedâ (Public/Publisher search engine accessing primarily MEDLINE database and others, present at the United States National Library of Medicine), using the keyword expression, that will best serve the sensitivity for the search. The studies selection will be based on the prior established headings, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria set previously. The list of references will ponder articles, reviews and international guidelines. The data extraction will involve two independent reviewers, and if necessary, a third one will be considered. The results will be presented in a descriptive approach, with statistical charts and graphics.
- Teacher competences for active learning in engineering educationPublication . Neves, Renato Martins; Lima, Rui M.; Mesquita, DianaThe implementation of active learning strategies in engineering education still encounters barriers when facing conventional teaching-learning practices. This work aims to contribute to the discussion on teachers' pedagogical competences required for active learning. This contribution is developed from the perceptions of 205 engineering teachers of Brazilian higher education institutions, centered on significant teaching competences necessary for teachers of engineering courses and how to develop them in the active learning context. The results show that essential competences identified by the participants are (I) teamwork (teachers' cooperation); (II) teacher-student relationships (empathy); (III) feedback about students' performance throughout the learning process; (IV) information and communication technology (ICT) competences; (V) selecting and adapting the teaching-learning methodologies to the class context; and (VI) creativity. A complementary logistic regression model suggested that female Ph.D. full-time teachers are more likely to employ active learning. Differences in active learning adoption among Brazilian regions were also captured by the model. The identified competences are essential for the sustainability of the innovation of teaching practices in the context of active learning, which may be used to inform more effective professional training of engineering teachers in the current globalized scenario.